248 
122. HIERACIUM Tourn. (HAWKWEED.) 
Hispid or hirsute and often glandular perennials, with entire or 
toothed leaves, single or panicled 12 to many-flowered heads of mostly 
yellow flowers, more or less imbricated involucre, naked receptacle, 
short oblong or columnar striate not beaked achenes, and pappus a 
single row of tawny and fragile capillary rough bristles. 
1. H. longipilum Torr. Stem wand-like, simple, stout, 6 to 9 dm. high, very leafy 
toward the base, naked above, and bearing a small racemed panicle; the lower por- 
tion and both sides of the oblong-lanceolate or spatulate entire leaves thickly clothed 
with very long and upright bristles (often 2.5 cm.long): peduncles and involucre 
(10 to 12 mm. high) glandular-bristly: achenes narrowed at apex.—Open woods and 
prairies, extending into Texas from the northern States. 
2. H. Rusbyi Greene. Leafy-stemmed, bearing numerous compound-paniculate 
heads: stem hirsute below, smooth and glabrous above: leaves elongated-oblong, 
entire, mostly half-clasping at base: involucre (6 mm. high) barely puberulent: 
achenes columnar, not at all tapering upward: pappus sordid.—A species of New 
Mexico, but represented on the western borders of Texas (between the Limpio and 
the Rio Grande) by var, WRIGHT Gray, which is more robust and branching, with 
hispid stem-bristles (from papilliform base), hispidulous branches and even peduncles, 
and sometimes a few bristles near tips of involucral bracts: pappus dull white. 
123. LYGODESMIA Don. 
Smooth, often glaucous low perennials, with single erect heads of 
(5 to 10) rose-purple flowers terminating almost leafless or rush-like 
stems or branches, elongated cylindrical involucre of linear scales in a 
single row, naked receptacle, long and slender achenes tapering at 
summit, and copious soft whitish pappus. 
1, L. juncea Don. Much branched from the deep-rooted base: leaves small; lower 
lanceolate-linear froma broadish base, 2.5 to 5 em. long; upper reduced to small sub- 
ulate scales: heads 5-flowered, at most 12 mm. long: ligules 6 to 8 mm. long.—Plains 
of western Texas. 
2. L. grandiflora Torr. & Gray. Stems separate or few from the root, simple 
below; the larger plants leafy, corymbosely branched above and bearing few or nu- 
merous heads: leaves all entire, linear-attenuate, 5 to 10 em. long, only the very up- 
permost reduced to scales: heads 5 to 10-flowered, fully 18 mm. long: ligules of equal 
length, showy, rose-red.—Southern Texas (Palmer). 
3. L. aphylla DC. Stems mostly solitary from the root, slender and rush-like, 
naked or nearly so, once or twice forked above, and bearing solitary long-peduncled 
heads: leaves filiform, elongated, entire or rarely with 1 or 2 teeth; upper reduced 
to mere scales at forks: heads mostly 10-flowered, 16 to 18 mm. long: ligules of equal 
length.—A species of the Gulf States barrens, but represented on rocky hills and 
plains throughout Texas by var. TExaNa Torr. & Gray, which is stouter, with more 
numerous leaves from filiform and usually with 2 or3 lateral lobes to linear and 
sparingly pinnately lobed. 
124, TARAXACUM Haller. (DANDELION.) 
Perennials or biennials, with radical pinnatifid or runcinate leaves, 
many-tlowered large heads of yellow flowers solitary on a slender hol- 
low scape, double involucre (outer of short bracts, inner of long linear 
bracts erect in a single row), oblong-ovate to fusiform 4 or 5-ribbed 
