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* Flowers bright red, large. 
1. L. cardinalis L. Minutely pubescent or glabrous, 6 to 12 dm. high: leaves 
oblong-lanceolate, slightly toothed: raceme elongated, rather 1-sided, the pedicels 
much shorter than the leaf-like bracts: seeds rugose-tuberculate.—The common 
“cardinal flower” of the Atlantic States, and occurring more or less throughout the 
valleys of Texas. 
2. L. splendens Willd. Much like the preceding, but more slender, glabrous or 
nearly so, leaves lanceolate or almost linear and glandular-denticulate (all but the 
lower sessile), and seeds less tuberculate.—Wet grounds throughout Texas. 
* * Flowers blue, or blue variegated with white. 
+ Flowers rather large (corolla-tube 10 to 12 mm. long), spicate-racemose. 
3. L. puberula Michx. Finely soft-pubescent: leaves ovate to lanceolate, thick- 
ish, obtuse, 2.5 to5 em. long, with small glandular teeth: spike rather 1-sided: 
bracts ovate: sinuses of calyx with short and rounded or often inconspicuous auri- 
cles, the hairy tube top-shaped.—Damp sandy grounds, extending from the Atlan- 
tic and Gulf States into Texas. Passing into var. GLABELLA Hook., which is a 
greener form, with slender more glabrous usually more naked virgate spike, 
glabrous calyx, etc., and flowers more secund. 
+ + Flowers smaller (corolla-tube not more than 4 to 6 mm. long). 
++ Stem mostly simple and strict, continued into a naked spike-like raceme: leaves barely 
denticulate or repand. 
4, L. Ludoviciana Gray. Glabrous: leaves lanceolate, acute, or the lowest spat- 
ulate and obtuse, merely denticulate, thickish, all with tapering base and the lower 
petioled: raceme loosely 5 to 20-flowered: corolla 12 mm. long: calyx-lobes ovate- 
lanceolate, rounded auriculate at the sinuses: larger anthers densely hirsute at and 
near the summit.—Wet prairies of western Louisiana and eastern Texas, possibly 
within our range. 
5. L. appendiculata A. DC. Nearly glabrous, or the strong angles of the 
slender stem above scabrous: leaves oval or oblong, obtuse, or the lowest obovate, 
mostly denticulate or repand, thin, all but the lowest sessile by a broad base: 
raceme spike-like, very slender: corolla 8 mm. long: calyx-lobes linear-acuminate 
from a broader base, their bases sagittately extended into deflexed auricles: larger 
anthers slightly hirsute on the back.—Moist ground in eastern Texas and probably 
within our range. 
++ ++ Stems simple and strict, continued into a very leafy-bracted spike: leaves and bracts 
laciniate-toothed. 
6. L. fenestralis Cav. Nearly glabrous, or the sharp decurrent angles of the 
stem hairy: leaves oblong or lanceolate, all the upper partly clasping and acumin- 
ate, passing into the similar bracts of the long spicate inflorescence: calyx-lobes 
linear and mostly with some slender teeth: corolla-tube 4 mm. long: larger anthers 
short-bearded at tip.—Southwestern Texas. 
++ ++ ++ Stems branching : flowers loosely racemose: stnuses of calyx not appendaged, 
7. L. Cliffortiana L. Glabrous or slightly hairy: leaves ovate or slightly cor- 
date, obtusely toothed or repand, petioled, or the upper lanceolate and sessile : pedi- 
cels filiform, longer than the flowers: pod with nearly the upper half free: seeds 
very smooth and shining.—A tropical species, occasionally met as an introduced 
plant in the South Atlantic States, and represented in southwestern Texas by var. 
BRACHYPODA Gray, with cauline leaves from obovate-spatulate to lanceolate, and pedi- 
cels (4 to 6 mm. long) rather shorter than the flower or the capsule, which is that of 
the species. 
8. L. Berlandieri A. DC. is an uncertain species, forms collected near Brazos San- 
tiago having a rosulate tuft of root-leaves and a low sparsely leafy or almost naked 
branching stem, a habit entirely unlike Z. Cliffortiana, but with the long filiform 
