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*** Corolla tubular, with spur or sac at base below, throat usually with palate: 
pod opening by chinks or holes: flowers in simple racemes or axillary: lower 
leaves usually opposite or whorled: stamens 4. 
3. Linaria. Corolla spurred at base; palate seldom closing throat. 
4, Antirrhinum. Corolla merely saccate at base; palate closing throat. 
5. Maurandia. Corolla barely gibbous at base, with 2 longitudinal and commonly 
bearded intruded lines or plaits instead of palate. 
** * * Corolla tubular or 2-lipped, not spurred or saccate below: pod 2 to 4-valved: 
leaves opposite: inflorescence usually compound, of small axillary spiked 
or racemed clusters or cymes: stamens 4, with rudiment of the fifth. 
6. Pentstemon. Sterile stamen about as long as the rest: seeds wingless. 
*** * * Corolla tubular, not saccate or spurred: pod 2-valved: flowers solitary in 
axils of bracts or leaves: leaves all or lower ones opposite: no trace of a 
fifth stamen. 
+ Stamens 4, all anther-bearing and similar. 
7. Mimulus. Calyx prismatic, 5-angled, 5-toothed: corolla elongated. 
8. Stemodia. Calyx 5-parted, divisions equal: corolla short: anther-cells sepa- 
rate and stipitate. 
9, Conobea. Calyx 5-parted, divisions equal: corolla short: anther-cells distinct 
but not stipitate. 
‘ 10. Herpestis. Calyx 5-parted, unequal, upper division largest: corolla short. 
+ + Anther-bearing stamens 2; usually also a pair of sterile filaments. 
11. Gratiola. Calyx 5-parted: stamens included, the sterile pair short or none. 
12. Ilysanthes. Calyx5-parted: stamens included, the sterile filaments protruded. 
13. Micranthemum. Flowers minute: calyx 4-toothed or -cleft: upper lip of 
corolla short or none: filaments with an appendage; sterile pairnone: dwarf aquatic, 
II. Under lip or lateral lobes of corolla covering upper in bud: pod 
commonly loculicidal. 
* Corolla rotate, salverform, or campanulate: stamens 2 or 4, not approaching in 
pairs or strongly didynamous: anthers 2-celled, 
+ Stamens 4 (sometimes 5), nearly equal. 
14, Scoparia. Corolla 4-cleft, densely hairy in throat: stamens 4; anther-cells 
distinct: leaves opposite or verticillate. 
15. Capraria. Corolla5-cleft: stamens often 5; anther-cells confluent at apex: 
leaves alternate. 
+ + Stamens 2. 
16. Veronica. Calyx4 (rarely 3 or 5)-parted: corolla rotate or salverform, almost 
regular: flowers racemed: leaves chiefly opposite or whorled. 
* * Corolla with spreading and slightly unequal 5-lobed limb: stamens 4, approxi- 
mate in pairs: leaves opposite or uppermost alternate. 
+ Corolla salverform: anthers 1-celled: flowers in a spike, 
17. Buchnera. Calyx tubular, 5-toothed: limb of elongated corolla 5-cleft. 
+ + Corolla bell-shaped to funnelform: anthers 2-celled. 
18. Seymeria. Stamens nearly equal: tube of corolla broad, not longer than 
lobes. 
19. Gerardia. Stamens strongly unequal, included. 
* * * Corolla tubular, plainly 2-lipped; upper lip narrow, erect or arched, inclosing 
the 4 usually strongly didynamous stamens: anther-cells unequal and sepa- 
rated. 
20. Castiileia. Calyx tubular, cleft down the lower (often also on the upper) 
side: upper lip of corolla elongated; lower short, often very small, 
