406 
V. Herbs, with watery juice, tough fibrous bark, often armed with stinging hairs: 
flowers unisexual: filaments inflexed in bud: style or stigma simple: ovary 
1-celled, with an erect ovule, in fruit forming an achene.—URTICE%. 
*Calyx in the fertile flowers of 2 to 5 separate or nearly separate sepals: beset 
with stinging bristles, 
7. Urtica. Sepals 4 in both kinds of flowers: achene straight and ereet, inclosed 
by the 2 inner and larger sepals: stigma capitate-tufted: leaves opposite. 
* * Fertile calyx tubular or cup-shaped, inclosing the achene: unarmed. 
8. Boehmeria. Flower clusters spiked, not involucrate: styles long and filiform, 
stigmatic down one side: leaves opposite, serrate. 
9. Parietaria. Flowers in involucrate-bracted clusters: stigma tufted: leaves 
alternate, entire. 
1. ULMUS L. (ELmM.) 
Trees, with polygamous purplish or yellowish flowers in lateral clus- 
ters appearing before the short-petioled oblique or unequally somewhat 
heart-shaped (at base) leaves, bell-shaped 4 to 9-cleft calyx, 4 to 9 slen- 
der stamens, the short diverging styles stigmatic along the inner mar- 
gin, and the 1-seeded fruit winged all around. 
* Flowers nearly sessile: fruit orbicular, not ciliate: leaves very rough above. 
1. U. pubescens Walt. (SirppErRyY or Rep ELM.) Small or middle-sized tree 
(13.6 to 18m. high), with tough reddish wood and very mucilaginous inner bark: 
buds large, before expansion soft-downy with rusty hairs: leaves ovate-oblong 
taper-pointed, doubly serrate (10 to 20 em, long), soft downy beneath or slightly 
rough downward: branchlets downy: calyx-lobes and stamens 5 to 9: fruit 16 to 18 
mm. long, with the cell pubescent. (U. fulva Michx.)—Extendinge from the Atlantic 
States to the valley of the San Antonio. 
* * Flowers on slender drooping pedicels, which are jointed above the middle: fruit ovate or 
oval, fringed-ciliate: leaves smooth above or nearly so. 
2. U. Americana L. (AMERICAN or WHITE ELM.) Large and well known orna- 
mental tree, usually with spreading branches and drooping branchlets: buds and 
branchlets glabrous: branches not corky: leaves obovate-oblong or oval, abruptly 
pointed, sharply and often doubly serrate (5 to 10 cm. long), soft pubescent beneath, 
or soon glabrous: flowers in close fascicles: calyx with 7 to 9 roundish lobes: fruit 
glabrous except the margins (12 mm. long), its sharp points incurved and closing 
the notch.—Extending westward to the streams of southern and central Texas. 
3. U. alata Michx. (WAHOO OR WINGED ELM). Small tree, with bud scales and 
branchlets nearly glabrous: branches corky-winged, at least some of them: leaves 
downy beneath, ovate-oblong and oblong-lanceolate, acute, thickish, small (2.5 to 
6.5 cm. long): calyx-lobes obovate: fruit downy on the face, at least when young.— 
On streams, extending to the valley of the Trinity. 
** * Flowers axillary, fasciculate on short pedicels: samara ciliate-fringed. 
4. U. crassifolia Nutt. Leaves persistent or semi-deciduous, oblique, oblong or 
ovate-elliptical, obtuse (rarely acute), doubly serrate, sub-coriaceous, shining above, 
rough below on the nerves: flowers serotinous: calyx 5 or 6 or 8-parted, ciliate: 
fruit oblique, ovate-elliptical, puberulent, lanate-ciliate on margin.—Extending to 
the valley of the Rio Grande and west to the Pecos. 
~~ 
