ALS 
long ) oval or obovate, acute, obtuse or even cordate at base, regularly dentate, 
rather rigid, usually very tomentose beneath: stamens usually 10: fruit short- 
peduncled: cup shallow, tuberculate with hard and stout acute scales, without 
fringe. (Q. Prinus, var. Michaurii Chap.)—Along streams and swamps, extending 
from the Atlantic States to the valley of the Trinity. 
6. Q. Prinus L. (Cursrnur oak.) A large tree, with thick and deeply fur- 
rowed bark (rich in tannin ): leaves thick, obovate or oblong to lanceolate, some- 
times acuminate, with obtuse or acute base, undulately crenate-toothed, pale and 
minutely downy beneath, the primary ribs straight, 10 to 16 pairs, prominent 
beneath: fruiting peduncle shorter than petiole: cup thick (12 to 24 mm. across ), 
mostly tubercied with hard stout scales: acorn large (sometimes 2.5 to 3 em. long ). 
(Incl. var. monticola Michx.)—Rocky banks and hillsides of the Atlantic States, and 
reported from Gillespie County (/ermy). 
7. Q. Muhlenbergii Engelm. (YELLOW clksTNUT OAK.) Tall tree, with thin 
flaky bark: chestnut-like leaves (12 to 17 cm. long) slender-petioled, oblong or 
lanceolate, usually pointed, obtuse or roundish at base, almost equally and rather 
sharply toothed, the primary veins straight and prominent beneath: acorn globose 
or obovate (14 to 18 mm. long). (Q. Prinus, var. acuminata Michx. )—Extending 
from the east to the valley of the Nueces and the Guadalupe mountains, 
8. Q. prinoides Willd. Like the last, but of low stature (6 to 12 dm. high), 
with smaller more undulate leaves on shorter petioles (6 to 12 mm, long), and 
deeper cups with more swollen scales. (Q. Prinus, var. humilis Marsh,)—Extending 
into Texas from the Atlantic States. 
** * Leaves coriaceous, entire, lobed, or rarely spiny-toothed.—LIVE Oaks. 
+ Shrubs: leaves deciduous. 
9. Q. undulata Torr. Very variable in foliage and to some extent in stature: 
leaves oblong, 5 cm. long or more (sometimes less ), undulate or lobed, with 1 to 3 
rather obtuse scarcely mucronate teeth on each side, densely and softly pubescent 
beneath, nearly smooth above: acorns edible, oval, oblong, sometimes elongated.— 
Common west of the Devils River and east to the Colorado. Var, GUNNISONI 
‘ngelm., extending into western Texas from the west, has large (10 to 15 cm. long ) 
strongly-lobed (divisions narrow and entire) darker green decidedly deciduous 
leaves, narrower calyx-lobes, and ciliate often thicker and shorter acorns, (Q. alba, 
var. Gunnisoni Torr.). Var. JAMESIL Engelm., of the same range, is similar, but 
with smaller and more rigid leaves with acute lobes. 
10. Q. Gambelii Engelm. Resembling Q. undulata, but a bush or small-sized 
tree, with larger bluntly lobed (lobes often retuse or notched ) dark ereen leaves, 
and commonly larger elliptical edible nuts in deep strongly tubercled cups. ( Q. 
undulata, var. Gambelii Engelm.)—Extending into western Texas from the west. 
++ Trees: leaves persistent (except No. 11). 
11. Q. Durandii Buckley. Tree 21 to 24 m. high: leaves subcoriaceous, strongly 
reticulated, obovate-oblong, with cuneate base and short obtuse lobes, smooth above, 
pale and pubescent beneath: fruit sessile, solitary or in pairs, the cup depressed- 
hemispherical (12 mm. across): edible acorns shining, ovate, about 9mm. long. (Q. 
obtusifolia, var.? breviloba Torr. )—Extending from the Gulf States into western Texas 
where if is common, and the most valuable white oak. 
12. Q. grisea Lieb. Tree 15 to 24 m. high, with yellow tomentose branches: leaves 
elliptical or oblong (5 to 7 em. long), often cordate at base, rarely obtuse, entire or 
scarcely mucronate-dentate, glabrate above, thickly stellate-pubescent beneath on 
very short petioles: cup hemispherical, 16 mm. broad, cinereous-tomentose: acorn 
slender (12 to 20 mm. long).—In the mountains of western Texas, where it is the 
most abundant oak. ‘‘This species and Q. undulata deserve notice as producers of 
tannin” (Havard), 
