AI7 
with broader undivided lobes, paler and somewhat pubescent beneath, turning 
brownish, orange or dull red in autumn; large yellowish-gray pubescent and loosely 
imbricated cup-scales (or squarrose when dry); and darker rougher thicker bark 
orange within. (Q. tinctoria Bart.) 
19. Q. palustris Du Roi. (SWAMP SPANISH or PIN OAK.) Leaves deeply pinnati- 
fid, with divergent lobes and broad rounded sinuses: cup flat-saucer-shaped, some- 
times contracted into a short scaly base or stalk, fine-sealed (10 to 14 mm, broad), very 
much shorter than the usually globose or depressed acorn (10 to 14 mm. long),—Low 
grounds, extending to the valley of the Colorado. 
+ + Mature leaves soft-downy beneath: cup saucer-shaped, with a somewhat top-shaped 
base, about § the length of the fully developed acorn. 
20. Q. digitata (Marsh.)Sudworth. (Spantsioak.) A large or sinall tree, extremely 
variable in foliage: leaves grayish-downy or fulvous beneath, obtuse or rounded at 
base, 3 to 5-lobed above (sometimes entire); the lobes prolonged, mostly narrow and 
more or less scythe-shaped, especially the terminal one, entire or sparingly cut- 
toothed: acorn globose, 8 to 10 mm, long.—(@Q. vigra digitata Marsh. Q. faleata 
Michx.) Dry or sandy soils, extending from the Atlantic States to the valley of 
the Brazos. 
a 
Leaves entire or with a few tecth (sometimes 3 or 5-lobed at summit), coriaceous, 
commonly bristle-pointed: acorns globular, small (not over 12 mim. long). 
+ Leaves widening or often much dilated above and more or less sinuate or somewhat 3 or 
5-lobed: acorns globular-ovoid, 
21. Q. aquatica Walt. (WATER OAK.) Small tree (9 to 12m. high), with smooth 
bark: leaves glabrous and shining, obovate-spatulate or narrowly cuneate, with a 
long tapering base and an often obscurely 3-lobed summit, varying to oblanceolate: 
cup saucer-shaped or hemispherical. -- Wet grounds, extending from the South Atlan- 
tic States to the valley of the Colorado. 
22. Q. nigra L. (BLACK-JACK or BARREN OAK.) Small tree (6 to 12 m. high): 
leaves broadly cuneate, but sometimes rounded or obscurely cordate at base, widely 
dilated and somewhat 3-lobed (rarely 5) at summit, occasionally with 1 or 2 lateral 
conspicuously bristle-tipped lobes or teeth, rusty pubescent beneath, shining above, 
large (1 to 2 dm, long): cup top-shaped, coarse scaly: acorn short-ovoid,—Extend- 
ing to the valleys of the Colorado and Nueces, Timber of little value. 
+ + Leaves not dilated upward, generally entire: acorn globose. 
23, Q. cinerea Michx. (HiGH-GROUND WILLOW-OAK.) Small tree fruiting abun- 
dantly: leaves perennial, oblong-lanceolate (5 to 7 em, long), white-tomentose beneath 
(scurfy like the branchlets when young): cup shallow, narrowed at base, pale, en- 
closing one-third of the acorn.—Sandy barrens, extending from the Gulf States to 
the valley of the Brazos. 
24. Q. PhellosL. (WiILLow-oak.) Slender tree (12 to 15m. high): leaves linear- 
lanceolate, narrowed to both ends, soon glabrous, light green (scurfy like the 
branchlets when young), 5 to 7 cm. long: cup flat saucer-shaped, inclosing the 
base of the acorn.--Rich soils, extending from the North Atlantic States to the 
valley of the Sabine. 
25. Q. heterophylla Michx. (Barrram’s OAK.) Small tree (12 to 15 m. high), 
with hard and very strong wood: leaves smooth and shining above, tomentose on 
veins beneath, on long petioles, oblong or oblong-ovate (10 to 15 cm, long), round or 
subcordate at base, the margin with a few shallow tooth-like (setaceous-acuminate) 
lobes or only wavy: acorn subglobose, in a hemispherical cup with oblong-ovate 
obtuse scales.—Reported from eastern Texas (Hall), A very confused species and 
possibly a hybrid. 
