418 
6. CASTANEBA L. (CHESTNUT.) 
Trees or shrubs, with oblong petioled sharply serrate straight-veined 
leaves, flowers appearing later than the leaves and axillary near the 
ends of the branches, the fertile at the base of the naked cream-colored 
catkins which have mostly a 6-parted calyx, 8 to 20 stamens with slen- 
der filaments and 2-celled anthers, fertile flowers in an ovoid prickly 
involucre, with calyx with a 6-lobed border, 5 to 12 abortive stamens, 
linear exserted styles, and ovoid coriaceous nuts (1 to 3) in the hard 
and very prickly involucre. 
1. C. pumila Mill. (CHINQUAPIN.) Aspreading shrub orsmall tree: leaves oblong- 
lanceolate, acute, white downy beneath: involucres small, often spiked: the ovoid 
pointed nut scarcely half as large as the common chestnut, very sweet, solitary, not 
flattened.—Rich hillsides and borders of swamps, extending from the Atlantic States 
to the valley of the Nueces. 
7. FAGUS L. (BEECH.) 
Trees, with a close and smooth grayish bark, straight-veined leaves 
appearing with the flowers, the sterile in small heads on drooping 
peduncles with deciduous scale-like bracts, bell-shaped 5 to 7-cleft calyx, 
8 to 16 stamens with slender filaments and 2-celled anthers, the fertile 
solitary or in pairs at the apex of short peduncles, surrounded by linear 
bractlets and a 4-lobed involucre, 6 subulate calyx-lobes, 3-celled ovary 
with 2 ovules in each cell, filiform styles, and 2 acutely triangular nuts 
inclosed in the soft spiny 4-valved involucre. 
1, F. atropunicea (Marsh.) Sudworth. (AMERICAN BEECH.) ‘Tree 20 te 30 m. 
high: leaves oblong-ovate, taper-pointed, distinctly and often coarsely toothed; 
petioles and midrib soon nearly naked: prickles of the fruit mostly recurved or 
spreading: nuts edible. (/. sylvatica, var. atropunicea Marsh, F. ferruginea Ait. )— 
Clay soils, extending from the Atlantic States to the valley of the Trinity, 
SALICINEH. (WILLOW FAMILY.) 
Dicecious trees or shrubs, with both kinds of flowers naked (one to 
each bract) in catkins, the fruit a 1-celled and 2 to 4-valved pod bear- 
ing numerous seeds furnished with long silky down, style short or none, 
2 stigmas (often 2-lobed), and alternate undivided leaves with seale-like 
(deciduous) or leaf-like (persistent) stipules. Wood soft and light, with 
bitter bark. 
1. Salix. Bracts entire: flowers with small glands; disks none: stamens few: 
stigmas short: buds with a single scale. 
2. Populus. Bracts lacerate: flowers with a broad or cup-shaped disk: stamens 
numerous: stigmas elongated: buds sealy. 
1. SALIX L. (WILLOW. OSIER.) 
Small trees or shrubs, with round and lithe branches, entire or 
glandular-toothed taper-pointed leaves, bud scales with an inner adher- 
ent membrane, aments on short leafy branchlets (the yellowish scales 
deciduous), sterile flowers of 2 to 10 distinct stamens accompanied by 
1 or 2 small glands, and the fertile with a small flat gland at base of 
ovary. 
