448 
the filaments: capsule subulate, 1-celled, slightly exceeding the perianth, the valves 
in dehiscence remaining united by the slender beak, abruptly divergent below, the margins 
finally involute: seed narrowly oblong, acute at either end, with nearly straight 
apiculations, 0.45 to 0.6 mm, long, reticulated in about 73 longitudinal rows, the areole 
smooth.—Contined to the coast region. 
** Leaves terete or compressed, perfectly septate, 
+ Heads many-flowered, spherical. 
++ Stamens 2; rootstock short, thickened throughout. 
9. J. crassifolius (Mx.) Buch. Mon. June. 326 (1890). J. polycephalus crassifo- 
lius Mx. 1. Bor. Amer. i, 193 (1803). Plant 40 to 100 cm. high: stem stout, com- 
pressed, 1 to 3-leaved: leaf blades commonly 10 to 20 cm. long, compressed, 2 to 4 mm. 
wide, gradually acuminate above, the sepfa complete: intlorescence 8 to 35 cm. high, 
its branches stiff and spreading, its leaves with nearly obsolete blades: heads glob- 
ose, 8 to 12 mm, in diameter in flower, 12 to 15 in fruit: perianth 4 to 5 mm. long, its 
parts subulate: stamens about one-half as long as the perianth; anthers not 
exceeding the filaments: capsule subulate, often falcate, exceeding the perianth, 1- 
celled; valves separating throughout in dehiscence, flat, their apices spreading: seed broadly 
oval, broadly acute at both ends, 0.4 to 0.55 mm. in length, not more than twice as long 
as broad, reticulated in about 20 longitudinal rows, the areolwe smooth.—Closely related 
to the last. Eastern Texas. 
10. J. scirpoides Lam. Enc. Meth. Bot. iii, 267 (1789). Plant 20 to 70 em, high: 
stems erect, terete, in clusters from short, horizontal rootstocks, these 2 to 3 mm. 
thick, and with a yearly growth of 1 to 2.cm.: cauline leaves 1 to 3; blades terete, 
2mm. or less thick, usually less than 10 cm. long, the septa perfect; basal leaves simi- 
lar, but with longer blades: inflorescence strict or slightly spreading, reaching 15 
em.in length, sometimes reduced to only 1 or 2cm.: heads 2 to 30, either simple, 
globose, 6 to 8 mm. in diameter in flower, and 8 to 11 mm. in fruit, or compound, 
lobed, and of slightly greater diameter: perianth 2.5 to 5.5 mm. long, its parts subu- 
late, the inner somewhat shorter: stamens equaling at least the inner perianth parts; 
anthers exserted at the mouth of the perianth: capsule subulate, 1-celled, its long beak 
exceeding the perianth and holding the valves united above in dehiscence: seed 
oblong, acute at both ends, 0.4 to 0.5 mm. in length, reticulated in about 20 longi- 
tudinal rows, the areole smooth and nearly isodiametrical.—The exserted anthers 
of this species are very characteristic. Eastern Texas, 
11. J. brachycarpus Engelm. Trans. St. Louis Acad. il, 467 (1868). Plant 20 to 
90 em. high, loosely cespitose from horizontal rootstocks, these having a yearly 
growth of 1 to5 cm., a thickness of about 2.5 mm., and bearing 1 to 6 stems: stems 
erect, terete: cauline leaves 1 to 4; blades terete, 2mm. or less thick, seldom ex- 
ceeding 15 em. in length, the upper much shorter: inflorescence 10 em. high and 
with 20 heads, or reduced to a single one: perianth 3 to 3.5 mm. long, its parts sub- 
ulate, the inner about three-fourths as long as the outer: stamens about half as long as 
the perianth: capsule one-half to two-thirds as long as the perianth, oblong, acute, 
mucronate, 1-celled, dehiscent through the mucro: seed oblong, acute at both ends, 
0.35 to 0.4 mm. long, reticulate in about 18 longitudinal rows, the areole smooth, 
nearly isodiametrical.—Readily distinguishable from all the allied species by its 
very short capsules, which are entirely concealed within the perianth parts. Eastern 
Texas. 
++ ++ Stamens 6; rootstock slender, tuberiferous. 
12. J. nodosus megacephalus Torr. Fl. N. Y. ii, 326 (1843). Plant 20 to 100 em. 
high, not cespitose: rootstock slender, about 2 mm. thick, tuberiform-thickened at 
intervals of a few centimeters, each tuber supporting a single stem: stem terete or 
slightly compressed, stout 1 to 4-leaved: blades stout, terete, 1 to 2.5 mm. in thick- 
ness, in most cases abruptly divergent from the stem: inflorescence usually con- 
