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PALMA. (l’ALM FAMILY.) 
Chiefly trees with thick woody stem (caudex), long-petioled pinnate 
or fan-shaped leaves, an axillary spadix of small perfect or polygamous 
flowers, 3 persistent sepals and petals, mostly 6 hypogynous or perigy- 
nous stamens, 2-celled introrse anthers, 3-celled ovary with a single 
erect ovule in each cell, 3 mostly united styles, and fruit a drupe or 
berry. 
1. SABAL Adans. (PALMETTO.) 
Plants with simple erect stems, palmate leaves (segments 2-cleft at 
apex), long branching spadix with sheathing spathe at the joints, 
small white perfect flowers, 3-cleft cup-shaped calyx, 3-petalled corolla, 
hypogynous stamens, subulate distinct filaments, cordate-ovate hori- 
zontal anthers, united 3-angled styles, capitate or obtuse stigmas, and 
a 1-seeded drupe. 
1. S. Palmetto R. & S. (CABBAGE PALMETTO.) Stem 6 to 12m, high: leaves 15 
to 25 dm. long, cordate in outline, pinnatifid fan-shaped, recurved at summit, the 
numerous divisions deeply cleft, and with thread-like filaments at the sinuses: 
spadix smooth, spreading, usually shorter than the leaves: petals slightly united: 
style thick: drupe black, globose,—In sparse clumps, from the mouth of the Rio 
Grande to Edinburg. 
TYPHACEA, (CAtT-TAiL FAMILY.) 
Marsh or aquatic herbs, with nerved linear sessile leaves, moneecicus 
flowers (destitute of proper floral envelopes) on a spadix or in heads, 1 
or 2-celled ovary and as many persistent styles, one-sided stigmas, and 
nut-like 1 (rarely 2)-seeded fruit. 
1. TYPHA L. (CAT-TAIL FLAG.) 
Plants with simple and jointless stem, long thickish leaves sheath- 
ing at base, flowers in a long very dense cylindrical spike terminating 
the stem, the upper part consisting of stamens intermixed with long 
hairs, the lower of ovaries surrounded by clavate bristles which form 
the copious down in fruit, and minute very long-stalked nutlets. 
1. T. latifolia L. (ComMoNn CAtT-TAIL.) Stout, 12 to 18 dm. high, the flat sheath- 
ing leaves 6 to 20 mm. broad, exceeding the stem: the staminate and dark brown 
pistillate parts of the spike (each 7 to 15 em, long) usually contiguous, the latter 
2.5 em. in diameter: pistillate flowers without bractlets.—Marshes of central and 
west Texas. 
2. T. Domingensis Pers. Stem very tall (36 to 54 dm. high): leaves 10 to 14 mm. 
broad, flat or slightly convex: inflorescence sometimes 9 dm, long; staininate and pis- 
tillate spikes distant, both cylindrical: male bractlets often as long as the anthers, 
thick cuneate or broad spatulate at summit; female bractlets delicate, with a small 
rounded or spatulate head as long as the stigmas, (7. bracteata Greene.)—South- 
western Texas and adjoining Mexico, 
ARACEZ. (AruM FAMILY.) 
Plants with acrid or pungent juice, simple or compound often veiny 
leaves, flowers crowded on a spadix which is usually surrounded by a 
spathe, and fruit usually a berry. 
