470 
* Spikelets in umbels. 
+ Style 2-cleft, flattened and ciliate: achene lenticular: tubercle soon deciduous: spikelets 
many-flowered, 
1. F. spadicea Vahl. Stems cespitose, rigid, terete, compressed and rather 
scabrous above: leaves rigid and terete, convolute-channeled, with scabrous mar- 
gin: spikelets cvlindraceous-oblong, acute, dark brown: stamens 8: achene scarcely 
heaked, minutely impressed-punctate in lines, delicately cancellate.—A_ tropical 
species, extending northward to western Texas and eastward to Georgia. 
2. F. castanea Vahl. Stems (3 to 7.5 dm. high) tufted from a perennial root, 
rigid, as are the filiform convolute-channeled leaves, smooth: spikelets ovate-oblong 
becoming cylindrical, dark chestnut-color, 4mm. thick: stamens 2 or 3: achene very 
minutely striate and reticulated. (Ff. spadicea, var. castanea Gray.)—Salt marshes, 
extending from the north Atlantic coast to the valley of the lower Rio Grande. 
3. F.laxa Vahl. Stems slender (5 to 30 em. high), from an annual root, weak, 
grooved and flattish: leaves linear, flat, ciliate-denticulate, glaucous, sometimes 
hairy: spikelets ovate, acute, 6mm. long: stamen 1: achene conspicuously 6 to &- 
ribbed on each side, and with firm cross-lines.—Eastern United States, and extend- 
ing to the valley of the lower Rio Grande. 
+ + Style 5-cleft and achene triangular: tubercle soon deciduous: spikelets smaller and 
JSewer- flowered, 
4. F. autumnalis R. & 8. Annual, in tufts, 7.5 to 40 em. high: stems flat, slen- 
der, diffuse or erect: leaves tlat, aeute: umbel compound: spikelets oblong, acute 
(2 tod mm. long), single or 2 or 3 in a cluster: scales ovate-lanceolate, mucronate: 
stamens 1 to 3.—Kastern United States, and extending to the valley of the lower 
Rio Grande, 
+++ Style 3-cleft, filiform and not ciliate: achene acutely triangular: tubercle more or 
less persistent. 
5, FP. capillaris Gray. Low annual, densely tufted, 7.5 to 22.5 em. high: stems 
and leaves nearly capillary, the latter short: umbel compound or panicled: spikelets 
ovoid-oblong, 4mm, long: stamens 2: achene minutely wrinkled, very obtuse,— 
Sandy fields across the continent, and reported throughout Texas. 
** Spikelets in a capitate cluster. 
6. F. Vahlii Link. <A diminutive species, with long filiform leaves, sessile capitate 
spikelets, and 4 very long involucral leaves, narrow ovate-lanceolate acuminate 
scales, 2-cleftstyle (not ciliate), anda lenticular obtuse achene, (F. congesta Vorr.)—A 
tropical species, extending to the valley of the lower Rio Grande and eastward 
through the Gulf States: 
7. SCIRPUS L. (BULRUSH, CLUB-RUSIH.) 
Mostly perennials, with stems sheathed at base and the sheaths 
usually leaf-bearing, several to many-flowered terete spikelets solitary 
or in a terminal cluster which is subtended by a one to several-leaved 
involucre (this when simple often appearing like a continuation of the 
stem), all the seales with perfect flowers (or all but one or two of the 
lowest), 3 to 6 mostly retrorsely barbed or ciliate bristles (soinetimes 
wanting), mostly 3 stamens, and a 2 or 3-cleft simple style not bulbous 
at base and wholly deciduous, or sometimes leaving a tip or point to 
the lenticular or triangular achene, 
