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lowest oneor two usually more or less peduncled and somewhat clavate and subtended 
by leafy bracts equaling or surpassing the culm and spreading or nodding, the 
remainder sessile and often staminate at the top, all greenish-purple or pallid: 
perigynium simall and ovate, tawny, mostly very lightly few-nerved and somewhat 
granular, the beak very short and commonly entire,—Swales, throughout the east- 
ern states to Texas. Var. Emory Bailey, (C. Emoryi Dewey) with spikes usually 
heavier and more densely flowered and often more numerous, the pistillate ones 
obtuse if not staminate at the apex, the lower bracts usually very long and leaf-like, 
is a stiffer plant than the species and evidently much commoner in Texas. 
+ + Pistillale scales awned, mostly exceeding the perigynium, 
10. C. crinita Lam. Robust and usually stout (6 to 10 dm. high), growing in clumps, 
with sharp culm and flat rather broad striate leaves: spikes 3 to 6, somewhat scat- 
tered and variously peduncled, mostly secund, curved and drooping (or in very small 
forms almost erect), 5 to 10 em. Jong, narrowly and evenly cylindrical, compactly 
flowered but often alternate below and usually staminate at the top: perigynium 
ovaté, thin, and puncticulate, obscurely nerved, the minute point entire, falling 
easily when mature: scale rough-awned, 2 or 3 times longer than the perigynium.— 
Swales, Canada to Florida and Texas. 
11. C. verrucosa Muhl. Stout and stiff (6 to 10 dm. high), rather pale throughout, 
culm sharp, leaves very rough and long-pointed and rolling when dry: staminate 
spikes one or two, comparatively short (terminal one 2.5 to 4 em.), and elevated on 
a short stalk: pistillate spikes 3 to 7, approximate or the lowest one remote, vari- 
ously peduucled or the uppermost oftenest sessile, the lowermost nodding, all rather 
thick andevenly cylindrical (2.5 to 7 cm, long), glaucescent, frequently staminate at 
the top: perigynium slightly obovoid, or buckwheat-shaped, lightly veined, the 
minute point entire, a half or third as long as the laciniate awn of the thin wide- 
bottomed scale: stigmas 3, and achene trigonous. (C. seaberrima Scheele, probably. )— 
Margins of ponds and low pine woods, Virginia to Florida and Texas, Terminal 
spike sometimes androgynous, 
4° Perigynium mostly light-green or whitish when fresh, thin and membranaceous( thickish, 
in No. 12), often somewhat inflated or loosely investing the achene, smooth and mostly 
shining (in ours) at full maturity, usually oblong or slender (short in No. 12): pistil- 
late spikes several or many, and in most of the species on spreading or nodding stalks : 
bracts leaf-like: stigmas $,—HYMENOCHLANAS. 
~ Terminal spike normally pistillate at the top. 
4+ Pistillate spikes oblong or short-cylindric, dense, and erect 
12. C. triceps Michx. Small and slender (15 to 40 cm. high): leaves smooth, or 
rarely sparsely hairy below: sheaths hairy or puberulent: spikes small, 15 mm, or 
less long, contiguous, and sessile: perigynium narrowly ovate or cylindrical-ovate, 
ascending: pistillate seale white-hyaline, the mid-nerve extended into a short and 
often hispid awn,—Woods and glades, Carolina to central Texas. Var. SMITHIL Por- 
ter is usually more slender, olive-green, smooth throughout or lower sheaths puberu- 
lent: spikes evenly cylindrical and more scattered, the lower one or two usually 
short-peduncled: perigynium nearly globular or globular-ovate, somewhat turgid, 
standing at right angles to the rhachis when mature: scales normally more obtuse. 
(C. Smithii Porter.) —New Jersey and Pennsylvania to our eastern limits, 
a+ ++ Pistillate spikes long-cylindric or linear, loose and spreading. 
13. C. oxylepis Torr. & Hook, Very slender but erect, 3 to 7 dm. high, with 
short and soft flat leaves, which are slightly hairy below: pistillate spikes 3 or 4, 
approximate near the top of the culm or the lowest one remote, about 2.5 em, long, 
variously peduncled and spreading or the lowest nodding : perigynium angular and 
