482 
7* Perigynium mostly short and rounded, triquetrous in No. 27, firm or even hard in terture, 
not inflated, sometimes hairy, the beak straight and usually bifid or erose: pistillate 
spikes few-flowered, usually globular or very short-oblong, more or less sessile and 
approximate at the top of the culm or some of them radical: bracts sheathless: stigmas 3, 
or rarely 2.—SPHARIDIOPHORE. 
+ Perigynium globular with a flattened beak. 
25, C. varia Muhl., var, australis Bailey. Strongly stoloniferous, the wiry culms 
rising from the mass of narrow leaves to a height of 8 to 5 dm.: terminal spike 
straight and prominent, sessile, 1 to 1.5 em. long: pistillate spikes 2 to 4, all small 
and sessile, contiguous on the top of the culm but distinet fromeach other, greenish : 
perigynium small, hairy, the body hard and globular, contracted into a flat beak 
which about equals the greenish or brown-margined scale. (C. Emmonsii Olney, 
Hall’s Pl. Tex., No. 752.)—Dryish woods and copses, Mississippi to Texas, 
26. C. Floridana Schw. Culms very low and slender, from 2.5 to 12 em. high, 
very much overtopped by the long thick persistent leaves: staminate spike single 
and partially hidden in the terminal cluster of pistillate spikes: some of the pistillate 
spikes radical, others clustered at the top of the culm and closely sessile, all green- 
ish or whitish, or occasionally slightly variegated by lightly purple-margined 
scales: perigynium much as in the last, almost smooth.—South Carolina to Florida 
and Texas (Reverchon. Thurow.) Little known. 
«+ Perigynium triquetrous. 
27. C. planostachys Kunze. Low, the culms from 2.5 to 12 em. high, overtopped 
by the narrow and rather stiff leaves: staminate spike single and sinall, sessile or 
very nearly so at the base of the uppermost pistillate spike: pistillate spikes partly 
radical and partly approximate and short-stalked near the top of the culm, loosely 
few-flowered on a zigzag rachis: perigynium either minutely tomentose or smooth, 
strongly many nerved, the beak terete and entire or very nearly so. (C, Halleriana 
American authors, not Asso.)—Dry uplands throughout Texas and in Mexico. This 
species differs from its European and African representative, C. Halleriana, to 
which it has been referred, by its habitually lower stature, culms much shorter than 
the leaves, more uniformly stalked spikes, the filiform bracts, zigzag rachis of the 
spikes, more pronounced beak of the perigynium, and sharper scales, 
&*Perigynium hard with a globular body and long flattened beak: spike single, staminate 
above and pistillate below, the pistillate flowers few: scales prolonged and bract-like: 
stigmas 3.—PHYLLOSTACHY 4. 
2k. C. Willdenovii Schk. Low, culms 7 to 15 em. high and shorter than the 
rather stiff leaves, pale: pistillate flowers 3 to9: perigynium prolonged into a prom- 
inent 2-edged very rough beak: scales chaffy, nerved, as broad as the perigynium 
and somewhat longer or the lowest sometimes overtopping the spike. Var, pau- 
CIFLORA Olney is a form with fewer pistillate flowers.—Copses, New England to 
North Carolina and central Texas. 
9* Perigynium thin in texture, green, oblong to linear and beakless : spike one, staminate 
above, thin and slender: stigmas 3.—LerrocerHALeE, 
29. C. leptalea Wahl. Culms and leaves capillary, 15 to 40 em, high, in tufts, 
leaves mostly not exceeding the culm: spike 4 to 10 mm. long, linear, the staminate 
portion very small: perigynium nerved, about twice longer than the obtuse cadu- 
cous scale. (C, polytrichoides Muhl.)—Bogs, throughout most of the United States. 
§ 2. VIGNEA. Staminate flowers few and inconspicuous and borne at the base or apex of 
the pislillate spikes: pistillate flowers in short sessile spikes which are commonly more 
or less aggregated into heads or even panicled: perigynium plano-convex: styles 2, and 
achene lenticular. 
