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row; spikelets 2 lines long; outer glumes winged on the keel, abruptly acute, 
serrulate on the keel, second pair linear, slightly unequal, one-third as long as the 
perfect flower, the latter one-third shorter than the outer glumes, and not long- 
pointed as in P. intermedia.—Louisiana, Texas to California. 
6. P. Canariensis Linn. (CANARY GRASS.) (Gray’s Manual, 6th ed., p. 639.) Culms 
1 to 3 feet high; leaves flat, the upper sheaths wuch inflated ; panicle 1 to 14 inches 
long, ovoid, very dense; outer glumes broad, with a conspicuously winged keel, white 
on the margin, with a distinet green line within; second pair of glumes small, lanceo- 
late, smooth; perfect flower silky-hairy.—Introduced and escaped from cultivation. 
The seed is a common aud favorite bird seed. 
ANTHOXANTHUM Linn. 
Panicle spike-like, narrow; spikelets apparently 3-flowered, only the 
terminal one perfect, outer empty glumes unequal, herbaceous; those 
of the 2 imperfect flowers clothed with brown hairs, awned from the 
lobed apex ; flowering glume and 3-nerved palet short membranaceous. 
Stamens 2. 
1. A. odoratum Linn. (SWEET VERNAL Grass). (Gray’s Manual, 6th ed., p. 630.) 
Culms erect, slender, 1 to 2 feet high; leaves flat, hairy ; sheaths often hairy ; ligule 
short, obtuse; panicle 1 to 4 inches long, interrupted below; spikelets 3 to 4 lines 
long; inner pair of sterile glumes 2-lobed, long-awned; perfect flower equal to the 
inner glumes.—Introduced from Europe. Very fragrant. 
HIEBROCHLOE Gmelin. 
Panicle open and spreading; spikelets 3-flowered, compressed, the 
lower two staminate only, the upper or terminal one perfect, outer 
empty glumes equal, scarious, 3-nerved; flowering glumes much thicker, 
chartaceous, 5-nerved, those of the male flowers sometimes short-2wned ; 
that of the perfect flower awnless; male flowers with 3 stamens, per- 
fect flowers with 2 stamens; palet of the male flowers 2-nerved, that of 
the perfect flower 1-nerved. 
The dried plants have a vanilla-like odor, on which account they were 
formerly strewn before church doors on holidays. 
H. macrophylla Thurb. (Bot. Cal. 11. p. 265.) Culms 2 to 3 feet high, tufted, 
teaves 12 to 18 inches long, 4 to 8 lines broad, scabrous above and on the margins; 
panicle 4 to 6 inches long, the branches somewhat distant, in pairs; spikelets 24 lines 
long; glumes obtuse, those of the male flowers fringed on the margin, notched at 
the broad apex, and often with a slight awn; glume of the perfect flower smooth 
and shiny below.—California ( Bolander) and Oregon (Howell), 
2. H. borealis R. & S. (VANILLA GRASS). (Gray’s Manual, 6thed., p. 639.) Culms 
1 to2 feet high; from a creeping root-stock ; leaves (all but the lower) with short blades 
and long sheaths; panicle pyramidal, 2 to 4 inches long, branched in pairs, flowering 
above the middle; outer glumes’ acuminate and longer than the flowers; glumes of 
the male flowers acute, and sometimes mucronate or bristle-pointed.—Moist ground 
chiefly northward and northwestward ; New England to Wisconsin, on the mountains 
and northward to Alaska. 
3. H. alpina R.& 8. (Gray’s Manual, 6thed., p. 639.) Culms 10 to 18 inches high ; 
lower leaves very narrow; panicle 14 to 2 inches long, the branches few flowered; 
outer glumes 3 lines long, obtuse ; glumes of one of the male flowers long awned below 
the middle, that of the other short awned from near the apex.—Alpine mountain 
tops, New York, New England, and northward. 
4. H. pauciflora R. Br. (Chloris Melville, p. 35.) Root creeping, culms erect, 
