80 
inches long, 2 to 4 lines wide, pale, yellowish-green; ligule 2 lines long, truncate, 
erose or lacerate; sheaths mostly shorter than the internodes, loose; panicle 3 to 8 
inches long, loose, dark purple becoming brownish ; rays in threes and fives ; the lower 
2 to4 inches long, very slender, rather erect, at length spreading or even deflexed, the 
branches sparsely flowered above the middle , spikelets 14 lines long on slender ped- 
icels; empty glumes equal, oblong-lanceolate, acutish or rather obtuse, rough on the 
keel; floral glume little shorter, sometimes roughish-tuberculate, the lateral nerves 
projecting at the apex as teeth; hairs of the callus few and unequal, about one-third 
_aslong, and those of the rudiment more than half as long as the glume, awn attached 
near the base, stout, extending a line beyond its glume; palet slightly shorter, 
broad, 2-nerved, 2-toothed.—Swamps, Mendocino County, Cal. (No. 6471 Bolander). 
C. Panicle ample, loose and open, with short, erect, or drooping rays. (Exception in var. of 
C. Aleulica.) 
6. C. Canadensis Beauv. (BLUE JOINT). (Gray’s Manual, 6th ed., p. 650.) Culms 
erect, smooth, 3 to 5 feet high, rarely branching below; leaves about a foot long, 2 to 4 
lines wide, flat; ligule short, lacerate; sheaths appressed, shorter than the internodes ; 
panicle 3 to 6 inches long, the axis and rays scabrous; spikelets from 1} to 1} lines 
long; empty glume somewhat unequal, lanceolate, acute; floral glume nearly as long, 
acute or obtushish, 2-toothed at apex, hairs of callus and rudiment about equaling the 
glume, awn very slender, arising from about the middle, equaling or little exceeding 
its glumes; palet alittle shorter; quite variable in the size and looseness of the panicle. 
Widely spread throughout most of the United States and British America to Alaska. 
Var. DUBIA (Calamagrostis dubia Scribn.). Culms more slender, panicle narrower 
and closer, hairs of the floret one-half as long as the floral glume, awn stouter and 
usually longer than in C. Canadensis.—Montana (Scribner) to Washington (Suksdorf). 
7. C. dubia Scribn. Bot. Gaz. x1. p. 174. Culms 2 to 3 feet high, rather slender; 
leaves much as in C. Canadensis; panicle contracted 5 to 6 inches long, the branches 
less spreading and more densely flowered than in C, Canadensis, unequal and flower- 
bearing mostly to the base; spikelets about two lines long, brown or purplish ; 
empty glumes lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate, acute or acuminate, minutely sca- 
brous on the back ; floral glume } shorter, irregularly 4-toothed at apex, the straight 
rather stoutish awn attached below the middle, longer than its glume and equaling the 
outer glumes; palet nearly as long as its glume, irregularly two-toothed; hairs of the 
~ callus and rudiment one-half to two-thirds as long as the floral glume.—Montana to 
Oregon and Washington. 
8. C. LangsdorffiiTrin. (Gray’s Manual, 6thed., p.650.) ‘*Culm, leaves, and panicle 
asin C. Canadensis; spikelets 2 to 3 lines long; glumes lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, 
attenuate-acuminate, often cinereously strigose-pubescent; awn stouter than in the 
preceding, and often slightly exceeding the floral glume.”—Labrador, White Moun- 
tains, New Hampshire, Oregon to Alaska. 
9. C. Aleutica Trin. (Bot. Cal. 1. p. 282.) Culms stout, densely tufted, 2 tod 
feet high, erect, smooth; leaves erect, rather rigid, those of the culm flat, long- 
attenuate, a foot (or two) long, and 4 or 5 lines wide, rough ; ligule ovate or trun- 
cate ; sheaths loose, mostly shorter than the internodes; panicle 6 to 10 inches long, 1 
to 2 inches wide, loose, or sometimes rather close ; rays in crowded clusters, the longer 
1 to 3 inches long, erect or erect-spreading, mostly flower-bearing to the base; spike- 
lets 24 to 3 lines long, mostly exceeding the pedicels, pale or brownish; empty 
glumes nearly equal, lanceolate, acuminate, membranaceous, roughish ; floral glumes 
like the outer in texture, and but slightly shorter, obtuse or acutish, 4-toothed and 
lacerate, nearly smooth, its awn inserted just below the middle or near the base and 
barely as long; hairs of the callus and minute rudiment scarcely half as long as the 
glume; palet nearly as long as its glume,shortly 2-toothed, 2-nerved.—Near the 
coast, from Santa Cruz, northward to Washington and Alaska. 
Var. ANGUSTA. Culms more slender; leaves short and narrow, rigid, and becoming 
involute; panicle narrow and rather dense; hairs of callus sparse and short, ap- 
proaching the next section.—Santa Cruz, Cal. (Dr. Anderson). 
