86. 
Low cespitose annuals; spike often scarcely exserted from the upper 
sheath. 
1, H. schcenoides Host. Culms tufted and generally prostrate, 6 to 10 inches 
long; leaves short, rigid, tapering to a point; spike oblong, thick, 4 to 1} inches 
long.—Ballast ground, introduced ; New Jersey and Delaware, 
PHLEUM Linn. 
Spikelets 1-flowered, in small clusters, crowded into a dense spike- 
like cylindrical panicle; outer glumes 1-nerved, mucronate or short- 
awned ; flowering glume membranaceous, shorter and broader than the 
outer glumes, in our native species truncate and toothed at the apex; 
palet hyaline, narrow. In some species there is a small rudiment or 
bristle below the flower. 
1. Phleum pratense Linn. (Timoruy.) Culms commonly 1} to 2 feet high (excep- 
tionally 4 to 5 feet); spike long-cylindrical; empty glumes ciliate on the back, 
tipped with a short bristle. Commonly cultivated ; supposed to be introduced from 
Europe, but apparently native in mountainous districts, 
2, P.alpinum Linn. (ALPINE TIMOTHY.) Culms1 to 14 feet high ; spike ovate-ob- 
long; empty glumes strongly ciliate on the back, tipped with a rough awn about 
their own length.—White Mountains, New Hampshire; Rocky Mountains, Colarado to 
California and Alaska. 
ALOPECURUS Linn. 
Flowers crowded in acylindrical spike. Spikelets 1-flowered. Outer 
glumes strongly compressed, boat-shaped, keeled, nearly equal, fre- 
quently united at the base; third or flowering glume shorter, keeled, 
with a slender dorsal awn, frequently more or less united below by the 
opposite margins, and inclosing the stamens and styles; without a 
palet. 
1. A. pratensis Linn. (Meapow FoxTalIL.) Culms erect, smooth, 1} to 3 feet 
high; leaves rather broad, the upper one short, sheaths inflated ; spike erect, eylindri- 
cal, 14 to 23 inches long, one-third to one-half inch thick ; spikelets 2 to 2} lines long; 
empty glumes united for the lower third, lanceolate, acute, softly pubescent and cili- 
ate; floral glume equaling or a little exceeding the empty ones, the margins connate 
for the lower half, awned near the base and the awn projecting half its length.—In- 
troduced and cultivated. 
Var. ALPEsSTRIS. (Wahl, Flora Lapponica, p. 21.) Culms 6 inches to 3 feet high, 
stout, more or less glaucous, ascending at the base, stoloniferous, with only 2 or 3 nodes 
above the base, the portion above the last joint very long (frequently two-thirds the 
entire length of the culm); leaves rather rigid, erect, 3 lines wide, 3 to 6 inches long, 
‘somewhat scabrous, sheaths rather loose, smooth; ligule 1 line long; empty glumes 
3-nerved, pubescent, long ciliate on the midnerve, acute, connate to the lower 
third; floral glume nearly equaling the empty ones, smooth, the margins connate 
nearly to the middle.—Throughout the Rocky Mountain region from Colorado to 
Montana and Idaho. Prof. Scribner states that this species is very common in Mon- 
tana at elevations of from 5,000 to 7,0c0 feet. I think it is too near to 4. pratensis 
to be separated except as a variety. 
2. A. alpinus Linn. Culms 6 to 15 inches high, rather stout, equally leafy with 3 
to 5 nodes; sheaths loose, smooth, shorter than the internodes, sheaths short, obtuse, 
blade L to 4 inches long, erect; spike eylindrical-oblong, or oblong, dense, $ to nearly 
an inch long; spikelets nearly 2 lines long; empty glumes covered with rather coarse 
