CACTUS, ANHALONIUM, AND LOPHOPHORA. 
1, CACTUS Linn. Sp. Pl. 466 (1753), restricted, 
MAMILLARIA Haw. Synop. 177 (1812), not Stackh. (1809). 
Usually globose to oblong plants (simple, branching or cespitose), 
but sometimes slender-cylindrical, covered with spine-bearing tubercles: 
flower-bearing areola axillary (with reference to tubercles), entirely 
separate from the terminal spine-bearing areola, although sometimes 
(CORYPHANTHA) connected with it by a woolly groove along the upper 
face of the tubercle: ovary naked: seeds smooth or pitted: embryo 
usually straight, with short cotyledons.—Originally defined by Lin- 
neus in his Systema, ed. 1 (1735). 
The Linnean genus Cactus of 1753 included 22 species and was coextensive with the 
present order. In 1812 the species were separated by Haworth into tive genera, the 
original generic name Cactus being discarded. Among these species C. mamillaris 
seems to have stood as the type, not only of the Linnwan genus Cactus, but also of 
Haworth’s Mamillaria, and as such should retain the original generic name. Besides, 
Mamillaria was used as the generic name of an alga in 1809. Cactus mamillaris L. is 
the West Indian Mamillaria simplex Haw. 
From one point of view the two sections of the genus (HUMAMILLARIA and Cory- 
PHANTHA) deserve generic separation, for the character of grooveless and grooved 
tubercles seems to hold without exception, and the sections are separated with more 
certainty than are certain species of Coryphantha and Echinocactus. If genera are 
simply groups of convenience the separation should be made. 
J. EUMAMILLARIA. Flowers from the axils of the older or full-grown 
tubercles (hence usually appearing lateral), mostly small, and generally 
from whitish to pink or red: tubercles never grooved : Jruit almost always 
clavate and scarlet. . 
A. Tubercles more or less quadrangular. 
* Central spines not hooked. 
+ More than one central spine. 
1. Cactus alternatus, sp. nov. 
Subglobose, 10 em. in diameter, simple: tubercles long (15 to 20 mm.) 
and spreading, with woolly axils: radial spines 3, rigid and recurved, 
5 mm. long; ceatral spines 3, very stout and much recurved, 20 to 50 
mm, long, alternating with the radials; all ashy colored and often 
twisted: flower and fruit unknown.—Type in Herb. Coulter. 
95 
