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The following are characteristic undershrubs: 
Prunus besseyi. Amorpha canescens. 
Ceanothus ovatus. Kuhnistera villosa, 
It must not be understood that those mentioned are confined to the 
sand hills alone. Many run down into the dry valleys, as for instance, 
the Stipe, Amaranthus, and Argemone; some even to the river banks, 
as Tradescantia. As I have said before, and as may be seen from the 
list, the sand hills are far from destitute of vegetation. The plants, 
however, never grow close together, but usually 2 to 5 decimeters apart, 
so that the sand is always seen. In many places, a few centimeters 
below the surface, which is perfectly white, the sand is mixed with half- 
decayed, or, rather, poorly cured and half-burned vegetable matter, 
resembling black tea. Whether it is a product of the prairie fire or of 
the sun-heated sand, I can not tell. 
DRY-VALLEY VEGETATION. 
This is in fact identical with the general prairie flora of the State, 
with the addition of some sand-hill species, which run down from the 
hills. The most characteristic are of course the prairie grasses, some of 
which are enumerated below under the heading “ Native forage plants.” 
Other common plants are: 
Sisyrinchium angustifolium. Psoralea argophylla. 
Spiesia lamber tii. Allium nuttallii. 
(nothera serrulata. Monarda citriodora. 
Verbena stricta, . Verbena hastata. 
Potentilla arguta. Artemisia canadensis. 
Ambrosia psilostachya. Artemisia gnaphalodes. 
WET-VALLEY VEGETATION. 
The wet-valley flora is of course the richest as far as species are con- 
cerned. To this belong most of the hay grasses of the region. Other 
common plants of the meadows are: 
Equisetum levigatum. Stellaria longifolia. 
Galium trifidum, Campanula aparinoides. 
Galium triflorum. Lythrum alatum. 
Galium aparine. Potentilla monspeliensis. 
Among the bushes the following are common: 
Habenaria hyperborea. Geum strictum. 
Vagnera stellata. Thalictrum purpurascens, 
Polygonatum commutatum, Geum canadense. 
Circewa lutetiana. Scutellaria galericulata, 
AQUATIC FLORA. 
Most of the aquatic plants are very local, each lake or pond having 
its peculiar species. Those common throughout the region are: 
Lemna minor. Utricularia vulgaris. 
Lemna trisulea, Potamogeton pectinatus. 
Sagiltaria latifolia. Batrachium divaricatum. 
