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along the numerous small streams flowing from the Malaspina glacier, 
where it forms dense thickets which are the favorite resort of the 
ptarmigan. 
The-elder (Sambucus racemosa), an erect shrub about 8 feet in height, 
is common but not abundant in the open, well-drained tracts near the 
margin of the forest, more especially on Khantaak Island and near the 
mouth of the Ankow River. The bright, red berry ripens about the 1st 
of September, but as I left the country about this time I can not say 
whether the natives use this fruit or not. 
Menziesia ferruginea, an erect shrub from 4 to 6 feet high, which 
flowers during the first half of June, is scattered through the denser 
forests. The highest altitude at which this plant was found was 1,800 
feet above the sea on the sides of Mount Tebenkot, where, on June 22, 
the buds were not yet open. 
The high-bush cranberry (Viburnum pauciflorum) is common in the 
forest region, growing more abundantly along the margins of the glades 
than in the dense woods. The blossoms are open in early June. The 
fruit—a bright searlet berry about the size of a pea—is ripe after 
August 20 and is highly prized by the natives, who use large quantities 
in season but do not preserve it for winter consumption. 
The blueberry (Vaccinium ovalifolium), a shrub 4 feet in height, forms 
a large part of the forest undergrowth in the low country, but is not 
found at any considerable altitude. The fruit, a dark purple berry 
larger than a pea, is collected in great quantities by the natives, who 
not only use it in season but preserve it for winter, drying the crushed 
berries by artificial heat. It is considered an important article of food, 
and in September, immediately after the close of the fishing season, 
nearly all the women and children of the village begin collecting and 
drying a supply for the coming winter. 
Rubus spectabilis, known all along the northwest coast as the salmon 
berry, a spreading bush from 4 to 6 feet in height, grows in immense 
quantities in the less densely shaded forests and along the beach. It 
reaches an altitude of 2,200 feet on Mount Tebenkof. At this place, how- 
ever, the growth is much stunted, as it is also on the sides of a moun- 
tain above the entrance of Disenchantment Bay at an altitude of 1,100 
feet. The fruit, which in general shape resembles the red raspberry, 
is about an inch long by half an inch in diameter, and varies in color from 
very light to very dark red. It begins to ripen at sea level about August 
5, and at higher altitudes two weeks later. During the season it is an 
important article of food among the natives, who gather large quantities 
in baskets. The berry is sometimes eaten as taken from the bush, but 
is usually crushed in a wooden bowl and eaten with seal oil. It is not 
preserved for winter use. 
The devil’s club (Eehinopanax horridum), an erect shrub from 4 to 6 
feet in height, with slender woody stem branching near the top, and 
densely covered with short, sharp prickles, is abundant in all the forests 
