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lower forest, but at an altitude of 3,000 feet on Mount Tebenkof, where 
however the specimens were very much stunted. The flower is of a 
dark brown color, and has an extremely offensive odor. The bulbs are 
dried and eaten by the natives, but are not considered a staple article 
of food, 
Heracleum lanatum, a plant from 3 to 5 feet in height, and of very 
rapid and vigorous growth, is common in the open places of the forest, 
and is also found at sea level on Disenchantment Bay. The leafstalks 
of this plant, which are about 2 feet long, are peeled and eaten raw by 
the natives, after the manner of celery. 
Rubus pedatus, a plant not more than 4 inches in height, is common 
in many of the opens. Its small red berry has an excellent flavor and 
is eaten by the natives. 
Among the other plants found in these glades are Caltha palustris, 
Rubus stellatus, Viola langsdorfii, Actaa spicata arguta, Geum macro- 
phyllum, Carex limosa stygia, Colopleurum gmelini, Brigeron salsugi- 
nosus, Tofieldia glutinosa, Iris setosa, Epilobium luteum, Polygonum 
viviparum, Ligusticum seothicum, Cicuta virosa, Aster foliaceus, Lathyrus 
palustris, Arnica latifolia, Epilobium palustre (very rare), Ranunculus 
reptans, Potentilla palustris, Habenaria dilatata, H. hyperborea, Eleo- 
charis iatsoni, Juncus falcatus alaskensis, and Equisetum variegatum. 
Menyanthes trifotiata and Nymphaea polysepala grow in the shallow 
ponds that are found in some of these opens, 
Stretching along the beach from Cape Phipps to the Ankow is a 
treeless strip of low sand dunes lying between high-tide mark and the 
margin of the forest, a distance of 100 yards. The area of this tract is 
about 10 acres. At the southeastern extremity of Khantaak Island is 
an equal area of the same nature, while the greater part of the land on 
the western side of the bay is of the same treeless, sandy character. 
The vegetation of these sand dunes is less dense and rank than that of 
the forest opens, though in some localities many acres are covered with 
a heavy growth of the strawberry (Pragaria chiloensis), On the grassy 
sand dunes that extend from the mouth of Dalton Creek to Point 
Manby and lie between the beach and the margin of the Malaspina gla- 
cier, this plant is found in immense quantities. On Khantaak Island and 
at Cape Phipps the fruit begins to ripen about July 1, and on the west 
side of the bay two weeks later. Strawberries were abundant at Dalton 
Creek as late as August 15. The fruit is about one-half inch long, 
somewhat pear-shaped, and of a light pink color. The berries have an 
excellent flavor, and are eaten in large quantities by the natives, who 
first cover them with seal oil, as they do all fruit. They are not pre- 
served for winter use. 
The coarse grass found along these sandy beaches is Hlymus arenarius. 
The stems of this grass are cut while green by the Indians and dried 
over a fire, after which they are used in the manufacture of baskets, 
being woven into ornamental figures among the split spruce-roots of 
which the basket is made. 
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