420) 
B. Spines yellow (sometimes red in O. lindheimeri). 
i. Stem erect, 
5. Opuntia tuna (L.) Mill. Dict. ed. 8, no. 3 (1768). 
Cactus tuna L. Sp. Pl. i, 468 (1753). 
Opuntia bonplandii H. B. K. Noy. Gen. & Sp. vi, 69 (1823). 
Krect and proliferous, 9 to 12 dm. high, with oval or elliptical joints 
10 to 20 cm. long: pulvini distant, with a grayish tomentum, bearing 
above a fascicle of brownish-yellow bristles and below 4 to 6 rigid 
stout or subulate unequal spreading yellow spines (longest 2.5 to 
3.5cem. long): flowers yellow or reddish-yellow, 7.5 to 10 em.in diameter: 
fruit somewhat pyriform, large and edible.—Type unknown. 
Throughout tropical America, and extensively cultivated. 
Specimens examined: FLORIDA Krys (Binmar; Canby of 1869): 
CuBA (Wright of 1860-64): SAN Luis Potosi (Parry & Palmer 279; 
Webber of 1866): VERA Cruz (Parry of 1877): NICARAGUA ( Wright of 
1853-56): PANAMA (Schott 3): CANARY ISLANDS ( Bourgeau 263): also 
specimens cultivated in Mo. Bot. Gard. in 1862, 870, 1876, and growing 
in 1893; also specimens from South Carolina (Tourney of 1846; 
Mellichamp of 1871), presumably culti vated; also Hort. Vindob. 837. 
This species is so extensively cultivated and naturalized that it seems impossible 
to define its natural range. In Southern California it is cultivated for fences and 
naturalized about thegold missions, where it is called “tuna.” In Lower California 
and Mexico it is also extensively cultivated. 
6. Opuntia triacantha (Willd.) DC. Prodr. iii, 473 (1828), not Sweet, Hort. 
Brit. 172 (1827). 
Cactus triacanthos Willd. Enum. Suppl. 34 (1813). 
Erect and proliferous, with oval to oblong joints: pulvini somewhat 
crowded, with yellowish bristles and usually 3 (4 to 1) stiff divaricate 
spreading or reflexed whitish spines, the upper 3 to 5 em. long, often twice 
as long as the two lower ones: flowers reddish, 2.5 em. in diameter.— ; 
‘Type unknown. 
Throughout Tropical America. 
Specimens examined: CuBa (Wright 1860-64): ANTIGUA ( Wullschlo- 
gel of 1849): cultivated in Hort. Modena. 
The spines of this species are much weaker (as well as fewer) than those of O. tuna. 
According to the Kew Index 0. triacantha Sweet! is O. curassavica Mill.,? a south 
Mexican and South American plant, which we have not seen, but which is certainly 
not the species described above. 
7. Opuntia lindheimeri Engelm. P1. Lindh. 207 (Jan. 1850). 
Opuntia engelmanni Salm, Cact. Hort. Dyek, 235 (1850). 
Krect, 12 to 18 dm. high, with a stem at length woody and terete (15 
em. in diameter) bearing a-.grayish cracked and unarmed bark, and 
large pale-green obovate or orbieular-obovate joints (in larger speci- 
mens 30 cm. long by 22.5 em. broad): pulvini remote (3 to 3.5 em, 
apart), with sparse yellow rigid strongly unequal bristles, and few 
spines (in upper pulvini mostly two or three) 2.5 to 3.5 em. long, strongly 
' Hort. Brit. ed. 1, 172. 2Gard., Dict. ed. 8, no. 7. 
