439 
station), through Utah and Nevada into Arizona and southeastern 
California. 
Specimens examined: UTAH ( Watson of 1868; Palmer of 1870 and 
1877, Fillmore to St. George; Johnson of 1870; Ward 188; Bailey 1939): 
NEVADA (Shockley 274; Bailey 1959, 1989; Coville & Funston 1941): 
ARIZONA (Palmer of 1870): CALIFORNIA (Bigelow of 1854, near the 
Mojave; Coville & Funston 2013, 2014). 
The numerous reddish-gray spines with red points bristling hedgehog-like in every 
direction give a very characteristic appearance. Dr. Merriam says of it: ‘‘ Species 
with enormously long and slender spines, not found in California except on the 
Panamint Mountains.” 
59. Opuntia arenaria Engelm. Syn. Cact. 301 (1856). 
Ascending and diffuse, 1.5 to 3 din. high, spreading 6 to 9 dm.: roots 
stout, creeping horizontally, elongated and often stoloniferous, far 
spreading in the loose sand: joints obovate, thick and swollen ors ub- 
compressed, or teretish, shining-green, strongly tuberculate, 3.5 to 7.5 
em. long by 2.5 to 5 em. broad: leaves minute: pulvini 6 to 10 mm. 
apart, with sparse white wool, and numerous bristles (especially on old 
joints), which are pale when young and tawny when old, almost all 
armed: spines 3 to 10; the upper | to 4 stouter, whitish or reddish- 
brown, often subangular, 2 to 3.5 cin. long (the uppermost one stouter 
and porrect, the rest shorter and divergent or deflexed); the lower 2 
to 6 shorter (4 to12 mm.), setaceous and radiant, white: flowers sulphur- 
yellow, 5 to 6 em. broad: fruit oblong-ovate, contracted at top, dry and 
spinose, with a deep funnelform umbilicus, 2 to3 cm. long: seeds irregu- 
lar, with broad thick margin, 5 to 6 mm, long. (Jl. Cact. Mex. Bound, 
t. 75, f. 15)—Type, the Wright specimens in Herb, Mo, Bot. Gard. 
Sandy bottoms of the Rio Grande near 1] Paso, Texas, and adjacent 
New Mexico. 
Specimens examined: TEXAS( Wright of 1851, 1852, and 1854; Schott) : 
NEw Mexico (Fendler 7, 150, 153): also cult. in Mo. Bot. Gard. 1855, 
Allied to fragilis, but distinguished by the larger more tuberculate joints, smaller 
pulvini with more numerous bristles, longer slenderer spines, and spinose fruit 
60. Opuntia fragilis (Nutt.) Haw. Suppl. Pl. Suce, 82 (1819). 
Cactus fragilis Nutt. Gen. i, 296 (1818). 
Subdecumbent, with small ovate subcompressed or subglobose (even 
terete) scarcely tuberculate shining green joints variable in size and 
shape (fruit-bearing ones compressed, 3.5 to 5 cm, long by 2.5 to 3 cm. 
broad, the others smaller and more tumid): pulvini large, 8 to 12 
mm, apart, with white wool, and very few short whitish bristles (on old 
joints a little more abundant, coarser, and straw-colored): spines 1 to 
4 (mostly 4 and cruciate), the uppermost one stout, angular, suberect 
or porrect, yellowish-brown, 12 to 20 mm. long, the others weaker (6 to 
16 mm.), paler, spreading or radiant, and 2 to 6 additional slender 
white radiant ones below 4 to 8 mm. long: flowers pale-yellow, about 
5 cm, broad: fruit ovate, almost naked, with funnelform umbilicus, 
