449 
cylindrical, tumid, glaucous, congested at apex of branches, 7.5 to 
20 cm. long, often 5 em. in diameter, with ovate-oblong hardly promi- 
nent tubercles 12 to 14 mm. long: pulvinus woolly, with pale straw- 
colored bristles: spines 5 to 9, about equal, with loose lustrous sheaths, 
porrect-stellate (completely hiding the surface of young joints), 2.5 to 
3cm. long: flowers small, purple, cup-shaped, less than 2.5 em, broad: 
fruit ovate, with flat umbilicus, fleshy, spineless but with large white 
tomentose pulvini, 2.5 to 38 cm. long, becoming dull-purple, oftenest 
sterile and fasciculately proliferous: seeds much compressed and very 
angular, beaked, with narrow commissure, 2 to 3 mm, broad (or with 
beak often 4 mm.). (ZU, Cact. Mex, Bound. t. 75, f. 18)—Type not found 
in the Engelmann collection. 
From southern Nevada through Arizona and the mountains of 
western Sonora and Lower California. 
Specimens examined: NEVADA (Coville & Funston of 1891, Cotton- 
wood Springs): ARIZONA (Palmer 100 and 104 of 1867; Bischoff of 18725, 
Parry of 1881, Tueson; Rusby of 1885, Peach Springs; Lvans of 1891, — 
Tucson; TYoumey of 1892, Tucson): SoNoRA (Schott 8; also a Pringle 
photograph): LowER CALIFORNIA (Drandegee of 1889, Calamuget and 
Magdalena Island): also growing in Mo, Bot. Gard., 1593. 
Very conspicuous on account of its shining spines, and hence called ‘‘vela de 
coyote,” or “candle of the wolf.” With a more arborescent form than bigelovii. 
The upper joints do not detach readily and hence propagation by joints must be 
rare. According to Parry, also, the proliferous fruits do not seem to develop plants. 
Brandegee notes in his Lower California specimens that the flowers are sometimes 
“light-yellow with reddish tinge,” and sometimes the spines are hardly equal. 
84, Opuntia fulgida mamillata (Schott). 
Opuntia mamillata Schott; Engelin, Syn. Cact 308 (1856). 
More tree-like, with a distinet trunk and dense top, 15 to 18 dm. high: 
joints 7.5 to 10 cm. long, 3.0 cm. in diameter, with prominent ovate 
tumid tubercles (“like those of Mamillaria”): pulvini with very short 
bristles, or none: spines 4 to 6, slender, short (6 to 18 mm.), mostly 
deflexed, with straw-colored sheaths: seeds scarcely beaked, smaller 
and with narrower commissure.—Type, Schott 6 in Herb. Mo. Bot. Gard. 
Southern Arizona and Sonora. 
Specimens examined: ARIZONA (Palmer 105 of 1867; Hngelmann of 
1880): Sonora (Schott 6). 
Dr. Engelmann’s manuscript notes indicate that he had come to the conclusion 
that mamillata could not be regarded as specifically distinct from fulgida. 
85. Opuntia bigelovii Engelm. Syn. Cact. 307 (1856). 
Erect and arborescent, 30 to 36 dm. high, 7.5 to 10 em. in diameter, 
with reticulated wood, numerous erect or ascending branches congested 
and forming a dense head, the lower at length refracted and brown: 
joints ovate or ovate-cylindrical, tumid, bright or pale green, fragile, 
5 to 15 em. long and 2.5 to 5 em. in diameter, with depressed-hemi- 
spherical crowded tubercles 6 to 8 mm, long: pulvini immersed, with a 
