450 
penicillate tuft of pale bristles: stouter spines 6 to 10, pale straw-colored 
and in lustrous whitish sheaths, 1 to 2.5 em. long, usually 2 or 3 deflexed 
and the rest divergent; slenderer ones 6 to 10, lower and radiating, 8 
to 14 mm. long: flowers purple, 2.5 to 4 em. broad: fruit ovate, deeply 
wnbilicate, tuberculate, unarmed or with a few spines, fleshy and green- 
ish, 2.5 tod em. long: seeds small and very irregular. (TU. Pacif. R. Rep. 
iv, t.19, f. 1-7)—Type, Bigelow of 1854 in Herb. Mo. Bot. Gard. 
From southern Nevada southward through western Arizona and 
southeastern California, into Lower California. 
Specimens examined: NEvaDA (Bailey of 1891): ARIZONA (Bigelow 
of 1854, Williams River; Schott of 1855; Parry of 1880, on the Colo- 
rado): CALIFORNIA (Parry of 1876; Engelmann of 1879; Parish of 1880 
and 1882, San Bernardino; @. R. Vasey of 1881, Whitewater; 7'release . 
of 1892); LowER CALIFORNIA (Brandegee of 1889, Purissima and 
Comondu). 
Distinguished from fulgida and prolifera by its short tubercles, immersed pulvini, 
and large tuberculate somewhat spiny fruit. The young joints are very fragile. 
The tuft of bristles is borne at the notched tips of the imbricate tubercles. The 
spines are variable as to number and direction, ranging from the numbers and direc- 
tions given in the above description to a single sharply deflexed spine. The seeds 
seem sometimes quite regular and discoid, 3 to 4 mm, broad. 
te te s+ Frutescent or arborescent: joints cylindrical: tubercles mostly prominent and 
created: flowers purple. 
(1) Fruit not spiny. 
86. Opuntia whipplei Engelm. Syn. Cact. 307 (1856). 
Stem erect, rarely spreading or subprost ‘ate, 2 to 18 dm. high, with 
reticulate wood and divaricate branches: joints cylindrical, 5 to 30 em, 
long, 1 to 2 cm. in diameter, with ovate crowded tubercles 10 mm. 
long: pulvini sparsely woolly and scarcely bristly: spines short, with 
ashy or straw-colored sheaths, 1 to 4 larger ones divaricate (the lower 
longer and detlexed), 6 to 18 mm. long, 2 to 8 smaller ones at lower 
margin, deflexed or radiating in every direction: flowers red: fruit sub- 
globose, with funnelform umbilicus, lightly tuberculate, ufarmed, yel- 
low, somewhat fleshy and sweet, about 2.5 em. long: seeds regular, 3 
to 3.5 mm, broad, with linear commissure. (Ill. Pacif. R. Rep. iv, t. 24, 
f. 9, 10)—Type, specimens of Bigelow and Wright in Herb. Mo. Bot. 
Gard. 
From southern Utah and Nevada through New Mexico and Arizona 
to southern California, Sonora, and Lower California. 
Specimens examined: Uran (Palmer of 1877, St. George; Parry of 
1881, Bailey of 1879-81, Santa Clara Creek): New Muxico (Wright 
of 1849; Bigelow of 1853; Carleton 385 of 1891): ARIZONA (Bigelow of 
1853-54; Palmer of 1867 and 1870; Bischoff of 1871; Engelmann of 1880; 
Lemmon of 1881; Pringle of 1881, San Xavier Mission; Parry of 1881; 
Rusby 623 of 1883, Prescott; Newberry of 1888; Hvans of 1891; Towmey 
of 1892, Tucson; Wilcox of 1894, Ft. Huachuca): CALIFORNIA (Agassiz, 
San Diego): Lower CALiroRN1A (Palmer 161 of 1890, Raza Island), 
