476 
Of shrubs were observed: 
Salix bebbiana. Salix discolor, 
Ribes cereum. Juniperus communis. 
Shepherdia canadensis. Eleagnus argentea 
Ceanothus fendleri. 
The Ceanothus has hitherto been reported only from southern Colo- 
rado and southward. 
Other remarkable plants were: 
Epilobium hornemanii, Balsamorhiza sagittata, 
Helianthella quinquenervis. Frasera speciosa. 
Astragalus convallarius. Epilobium drummondit. 
Pellva breweri. Lupinus sericens, 
all from a more western or southern range. 
To me this region looked as promising as any in the Black Hills for 
agricultural purposes. - As said before, the valleys were excellent hay 
lands. The grasses were about the same as those around Custer. The 
dryer valleys and the woods would furnish enough of summer pasture. 
During the winter the stock must be fed with hay as the snowfall is 
very heavy. Sometime after I had visited the region I heard that this 
was the principal reason why many of the squatters had left the region. 
The soil was a black loam containing a considerable amount of Hive, 
the valleys were less rough than those of the parks of the preceding 
region and could easily be made into fields. 
NORTHERN ILLS. 
The Northern Hills, notwithstanding their great height, look more 
like hills than mountains. Even the highest, as Terrys Peak, Custers 
Peak, etc., are covered with woods to the top. The larger part of the 
region is the northern half of the Archean formation. As said before 
this is composed of comparatively soft slates and schists. The rivers 
have worn out deep canyons, many volcanic eruptions have thrown up 
cones of igneous rocks, and the remainders here and there of the broken 
strata of Potsdam sandstone and Carboniferous limestone make the 
country more uneven. The woody flora resembles that of the Harney 
Range, but the pine is more predominant. The elm is lacking in this 
region and the oak is confined to the foothills and neighboring canyons, 
The following shrubs and climbers may be added. 
Ceanothus ovatus. Viburnum lentago. 
Potentilla fruticosa, Lonicera hirsuta qlaucescens. 
Vitis vulpina. Parthenocissus quinquefolia, 
The whole region seems to have been one large pine forest; but now 
large tracts are made bare by the ravages of lumbermen, mining com- 
panies, fire, aud cyclones, nothing being left but stumps, fallen logs, 
and the underbrush. The second forest will consist of deciduous trees, 
as aspen, willows, bireh, and cherry. The mining resources of the Hills, 
especially around Lead City and Deadwood, are well known. The 
