ATT 
Black Hills and Fort Pierre Railroad was built by the Homestake 
Mining Company, principally for the purpose of transporting wood and 
lumber to their mines and stamp mills, and other roads have been built 
by other companies. Sawmills are scattered all over the Hills, and it 
will be no wonder if in a short time the dark pine forest is gone and 
the name “ Black Hills” has become meaningless. 
The valleys of this region are very narrow, and in that small part in 
which I collected, little of their natural condition was left. The Elk 
Canyon in many places was just wide enough to give room for the creek 
and the railroad. The nearly perpendicular sides were as much as 200 
to 300 meters high. Around Lead City and Deadwood railroads and 
wagon roads wind through the narrow valleys, and the small patches 
of grass left are well cropped down by the town cows. At Rochford 
only I found a good meadow, The grasses were the same as in the 
other regions of the hills, but the blue grasses were more common. 
The following grasses may be mentioned as of special interest: 
Oryzopsis micrantha. Avena striata, 
Bromus pumpellianus. Elymus dasystachys. 
from Elk Canyon. 
Calamagrostis sylvatica americana, Agropyron violaceum majus. 
Panicum depauperatum. Festuca ovina, 
from the neighborhood of Lead City. 
The Northern Hills, especially the canyons, contain more Eastern as 
well as Western plants than any other part of the hills. Among those 
not given in Coulter’s Manual, which is supposed to cover all the terri- 
tory west of the one hundredth meridian, are: 
Viola scabriuscula. Polygala senega latifolia. 
Lathyrus ochroleucus. Naumburgia thyrsifiora. 
Tetragonanthus deflexus. Lappula deflera americana, 
Lappula virginiana. 
Of Western plants were found: 
Thalictrum occidentale. Thalictrum venulosum. 
Claytonia perfoliata amplectens. Lupinus parviflorus, 
Lupinus sericeus (2). Spirewa cespitosa. 
Potentilla glandulosa. Heuchera parvifolia. 
Epilobium drummondii. Osmorrhiza nuda. 
Arnica cordifolia. Arnica alpina. 
Hieracium fendleri, Vaccinium myrtillus microphyllum. 
Frasera speciosa. Mertensia sibirica. 
Mimulus luteus. Calochortus qunnisont. 
Potentilla humifusa, Lesquerella spatulata. 
Among the most interesting finds was a patch of caraway, Carwm 
earui, Which I found in the wilderness 3 or 4 miles north of Deadwood, 
Perhaps some German or Scandinavian gold hunter had happened to 
drop a piece of old country cheese spiced with the customary caraway 
seed, and hence the patch. 
