478 
GENERAL REMARKS. 
From the foregoing can be seen what a varied flora the Black Hills 
have. There are found plants from the East, from the Saskatchewan 
region, from the prairies and table-lands west of the Missouri River, 
from the Rocky Mountains, and even from the region west thereof. In 
the foothills and the lower parts of the Hills proper the tlora is essen- 
tially the same as that of the surrounding plains, with an addition of 
Kastern plants which have ascended the streams. In the higher parts 
the flora is more of a Northern origin. Most of the plants composing it 
are of a more or less transcontinental distribution but often character. 
istic of a higher latitude. Some can be said to belong’ to the Rocky 
Mountain region. The only trees of Western origin are Pinus ponderosa 
scopulorum, and Betula occidentalis; the others are Eastern or transeon- 
tinental. The flora resembles therefore more that of the region around 
the Great Lakes than that of the Rockies. 
The collection contains a little over 700 Phienogams and Fernworts. 
This is certainly far from all that grow in the region. A few more 
known to occur in the Black Hills could have been added to the list, 
as for instance, MVentzelia oligosperma and Ilysanthes gratioloides, col- 
lected by Mr. A. F. Woods; Onoclea sensibilis and Aster salsuginosus, by 
Prof. T. A. Williams; Fritillaria linearis, by Miss Pratt, of Piedmont; 
and Sorbus sambucifolia, by Mr. Runkel, the owner of the sawmills at 
Runkels. Viburnum prunifolium was also reported by a physician of 
Custer, but perhaps V. lentago was mistaken for it. A squatter told 
me that he had cut hickory poles on the Squaw Creek, a statement 
which seems doubtful. Jenney, in his report on the Geological Survey 
of the Black Hills, reports the black spruce and mulberry as growing 
in the hills. The former probably was confounded with the white 
spruce, and the occurrence of the latter needs verification. 
To the following botanists acknowledgements are due for help in the 
determination of the species. The Carices have been determined by 
Prof. L. Hl. Bailey, the genera Epilobium and Gayophytum by Dr. 
William Trelease, Polygonum by Mr. J. K. Small, Salix by Mr. M. 8. 
Bebb. The determinations of Juncacew, Graminew, and Umbelliferve 
have been verified by Mr. l'rederick V. Coville, Prof. . Lamson-Serib- 
ner, and Mr. J. N. Rose, who have also made a few corrections where 
needed. The desciption of Poa pseudopratensis is drawn by Professor 
Scribner. 
In the identification of the collection, the plants have been compared 
with specimens in the National Herbarium and the herbarium of the 
University of Nebraska. Thanks are also due to Prof. N. L. Britton, 
of Columbia College, and Prot. John Macoun, of Ottawa, Canada, for 
the loan of specimens for comparison. ! 
'The acknowledgments expressed, p, 148 of this volume, footnote 1, are also here 
renewed, 
