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110 BOTANY OF THE DEATH VALLEY EXPEDITION. 



(No. 1982). All these localities are in Nevada. The first two stations are in the upper 

 part of the Larrea belt, the third a little above it. Mr. Bailey collected specimens 

 also in Reese River Valley, central Nevada (No. 160), the most northerly locality known 

 for the species. Our speimens indicate that this species is probably identical with 

 M. chlorantha Engelm. 



Mamillaria tetrancistra Engelm. Amer. Journ. Sci. ser. 2. xiv. 337 (1852). Type 

 locality, " from San Diego to the junction of the Gila with the Colorado," California. 



The name given above, which was originally applied to this species, was found 

 later by Engelmann not to be accurately descriptive, and he therefore changed it to 

 M. pliellosperma, 1 with the remark: "The name originally given had to be altered, 

 because very rarely, if ever, are 4 hooked spines seen." By this latter name it has 

 usually been known. The species were seen in Johnson (No. 497) and Surprise (Nos. 

 609, 631) canons, Fanamint Mountains; and in the Vegas Wasb, Nevada (No. 428). 



Echinocactus johnsoni Engelm. Bot. King Surv. 117 (1871) — Parry MS. Type 

 locality, "about St. George in Southern Utah." 



This small and handsome Echinocactus was found in the mountains east of Resting 

 Springs (No. 278), a point within the limits of California; in the Vegas Wash, 

 Nevada (No. 1895); and in the Beaverdam Mountains, Utah (No. 1940). The largest 

 specimen collected measures 11.5 cm. broad by 20 cm. high. 



Echinocactus polyancistrus Engelm. & Bigel. Pac. R. Rep. iv. 29 (1856). 



Type locality, "on gravelly hills and sandy plains at the head waters of the Mojave, 

 on the eastern slope of the California Cordilleras, one day's journey before reaching 

 the Cajon Pass." 



This is one of the rarer cactuses found by the expedition. It was first seen about 26 

 kilometers north of Daggett (No. 167), and afterwards at Copper City Spring (No. 168), 

 and on the southern part of the Inyo Mountains (No. 880). Specimens were col- 

 lected in Fish Lake Valley by Mr. Bailey (No. 2010). At no point was the species 

 abundant, only a few plants occurring scattered over a large area of the dry, gravelly 

 mesa. The species is a very .pretty one. The large magenta-colored flowers and the 

 long spines, some colored gray and some brown, the longest of them curved, all set 

 upon a short, nearly spherical stem, give the plant a striking appearance, 



Echinocactus polycephalus Engelm. & Bigel. Pac. R. Rep.iv. 31 (1856). Type 

 locality, " stony and gravelly hills and dry beds of torrents from 20 miles west of 

 the Rio Colorado to about 150 miles westward up the Mojave." 



The first specimens of this cactus were seen on the north side of the Mohave River 

 at Victor (No. 153), growing with Cerens engelmanni. From this poiut to Lone 

 Willow Spring the plant occurred frequently. It grew also in the Panamint Moun- 

 tains, and in all the ranges east of them to the bend of the Colorado River. West- 

 ward it was seeu only near Crystal Spring, Coso Mountains, and in the Inyo 

 Mountains, near Keeler, It rarely occurred below an altitude of 2,000 feet, and its 

 favorite habitat was dry, exposed, rocky slopes. It seldom occurred on an open 

 mesa and never above the Lower Sonoran zone. Dr. Merriam found it also in Indian 

 Spring Valley, Desert Mountains, Kingston Range, Pahvanagat Valley, Muddy 

 Mountains, and in the valleys of the Virgin and Muddy rivers. 



Echinocactus wislizeni lecoutei (Engelm. & Bigel.) Pac. R. Rep. iv. 29 (1856), 

 as E. lecontei; Engelm. in Rothr. Bot. Wheeler Surv. 128 (1878). Type locality, 

 " on the lower Gila." "Subsequently Dr. Bigelow met with this remarkable plant, 

 abundantly, from the Cactus Pass, at the head waters of Williams' river [Arizona], 

 down this stream to the Colorado, and west of it till E, Folycephalun took its place." 



This species of so-called "barrel cactus" was long considered distinct from E. 

 ■wklizeni, but Dr. Engelmann finally regarded it as a variety only. It ranges from 

 western Arizona and southwestern Utah westward across southern Nevada into the 



iProc. Am'er. Acad. iii. 202 (1857). 



