

CATALOGUE OF SPECIES. 213 



different from the eastern typical form of S. americanus, is clearly derived from that 

 species. Small, starved specimens of the latter from western Texas, New Mexico, 

 Arizona, and southern Utah have a close general resemblance to S. nevadcnsis, even 

 to the rounded loaf-hacks and slightly serrate leaf-tips. 



The species was found only on the shores of Owens Lake, near Keeler (No. 857), 

 and between Lone Pine and Olancha. 



Scirpus olneyi Gray, Man. 526 (1848). Type locality, "salt marshes, Martha's 

 Vineyard, Rhode Island, and New Jersey." 



Although herbarium specimens of this species and S. americanus from the eastern 

 United States are easily distinguished, I have experienced difficulty in separating 

 tlie two as they occur in the Southwest. The extreme forms there are, however, 

 clearly distinguishable, especially in the field. S. amerk'anux grows about 0.6 meter 

 high, in firm, usually gravelly soil on the margins of streams and ponds, while its 

 rootstocks are slender, seldom exceeding 3 mm. in diameter, and bearing scattered 

 stems. 8. olneyi, on the other hand, grows often 1.5 meters high, in soft, deep muck, 

 and with the stems set close together on the thicker (sometimes 1 cm.) rootstocks. 

 A few attempts at riding through patches of S. olneyi resulted in each instance in 

 the horse sinking and plunging, and barely getting out. So uniformly indicative of 

 a mire was the plant that it was always avoided when riding in a swamp. 



This was the common triangular-stemmed sedge of the desert marshes. It was 

 found nearly everywhere, in Owens, Panamint, Death (Nos. 233, 569), Amargosa, and 

 Vegas valleys. In this region the name tule is applied to the tall, coarse vegation 

 of a marsh, of whatever plants it may be comprised. Most of such marsh vegetation 

 is made up of this species. The plant was not found in the Tulare Plains. 



Scirpus pauciflorus Lightf. pi. Scot, ii. 1078(1777). Type locality, "upon the 

 Highland Mountains, as upon Malghyrdy, in Breadalbane," Scotland. 

 Whitney Meadows (No. 1616). 



Schoemig nigricans L. Sp. PI. i. 43 (1753). Type locality European. 



The range of this plant appears to follow none of the recognized rules of plant 

 distribution. In the Old World it is known to occur in nearly all the countries of 

 continental Europe, in several of the Mediterranean islands, in northern Africa, in 

 southern Africa, in the Caucasus Mountains, and in the Baikal Mountains of southern 

 Central Siberia; in America it has been found thus far only in Florida and in 

 southern California. Mr. S. B. Parish has collected the plant at Anaheim Hot 

 Springs, and in Lone Pine Canon, near Cajon Pass, San Bernardino Mountains; and 

 it is now reported from the springs in Furnace Creek Canon, Funeral Mountains 

 (Nos. 229, 580), and from a small marsh about half a mile south of the Devil Hole, 

 Ash Meadows, Nevada. The American plant is not differentiated from the European 

 in any noticeable detail. In the two stations in which it was found by the expedi- 

 tion it occurred in wet, alkaline, calcareous soil. 



Cladium raariscus (L.) Sp. PI. i. 42 (1753), under Schcenm; R. Br. Prodr. Fl. Nov. 

 Holl. i. 236 (1810). Type locality European. 



Our southern species of Cladium, originally described by Torrey as C. effusum, 

 occurs abundantly in the southern Atlantic States, and sparingly in the Great Basin 

 (Arizona and Nevada) and on the southern Pacific coast. It is widely distributed 

 in the warmer regions of the world, extending unusually far northward in Europe. 

 Dr. Watson has described 1 our Western form as a variety, californieum, yet it is 

 identical with others from Asia Minor and the Sandwich Islands, which Bceckeler 

 has referred without comment to C. mariscus. 



This was first seen about the springs in Furnace Creek (No. 231); in the margins 

 of spring pools at the southern end of Resting Springs Valley; at Winters's ranch, 

 Pahrump Valley ; and at Watkins's ranch, Ash Meadows. The plant is confined to 



i Bot. Cal. ii. 224 (1880). 



