222 BOTANY OP THE DEATH VALLEY EXPEDITION. 



Pinus Jeffrey i Balfour in Jeffr, Rep. Orcg. Expert. (1853). 



Throughout the Sierra Nevada, from the vicinity of Fort Tejon to Mount Whitney, 

 the western black pine, at its characteristic altitude, was abundant. It was 

 seen at a distance on the highest peaks from Walker Pass to Tehachapi Valley. On 

 Frazier Mountain (No. 1214), and on Mount Pinos, isolated peaks at the confluence 

 of the Coast and Sierran systems, it occurred in abundance. On the western slope, 

 of the Sierra Nevada we encountered it in Tejon Canon (No. 1229), and in the valley 

 of the Kaweah River; while on the headwaters of Kern River, between Farewell 

 Gap and the eastern crest of the Sierra Nevada, we traversed broad forests of it. On 

 the eastern slope of these mountains, along the Hockett Trail, a few trees occurred, 

 and north of Whitney Meadows we descended into its belt again. Specimens were 

 also collected near the head of Owens River (No. 1863), and near Walker Basin 

 (No. 2085). This tree covers a much larger area in the southern Sierra Nevada than 

 does any other timber tree. 



Pinus larnbertiana Dougl. Trans. Linn. Soc. xv. 500 (1827). Type locality not 

 specifically given. Mr. Douglas says 1 of its range: "This plant covers large districts 

 about 100 miles from the ocean, in latitude 43° North, and extends as far to the South 

 as 40°. It first came under my notice in August 1825, while at the headwaters of 

 the Multnomah River [situated in Oregon, and now called the Willamette]. In 

 October 1826 it was my good fortune to meet with it beyoud a range of mountains 

 running in a south-western direction from the Rocky Mountains towards the sea, 

 and terminating at Cape Orford of Vancouver." 



We first met with this tree, the great sugar pine, in Tejon Canon, where it grew in 

 the upper part of the yellow pine belt and in tho lower part of the black pine bolt. 

 On the East Fork of Kaweah River it ranged from Big Tr»e Canon, the beginning 

 of the yellow pinos, to a point 100 meters higher than their upper limit. Between 

 Farwell Gap and Whitney Meadows it occurred occasionally among the black pines. 

 The tree is one of magnificent dimensions. One cone was seen which measured 56 

 cm. in length, and an old woodsman informed me that he had seen a cone 71 cm. long. 



Pinus monophylla Torr. &, Frem. in From. Second Rep. 319 (1845). Type locality, 

 "over the mountains of northern California from longitude 111° to 120°, and through 

 a considerable range of latitude." 



The Nevada nut pine is the common piiion of southern Nevada and southeastern Cal- 

 ifornia, hut was seen in the iiitramontane region of the latter State only in a few places, 

 snch as the western slope of Walker Pass, Tejon Canon, and the mountain slopes 

 south of Fort Tejon. All along the eastern slope of the Sierra Nevada, as far north- 

 ward as the expedition went, and southward to the mountains about Antelope Val- 

 ley, as well as in all the higher peaks eastward to the Colorado River, the tree 

 occurred abundantly. The desert ranges upon which it was observed by the expe- 

 dition are the White, Inyo, Coso, Argns, Panaruint, Grapevine, Charleston, Magnider, 

 Pahroc, Gold, Juniper, Boaverdam, and Virgin mountains, the last six localities on 

 the authority of Dr. Merriam. Specimens were collected in the Charleston Moun- 

 tains (No. 317) and in the Panamint Mountains (No. 542). 



Pinus monticola Lamb. Gen. Pin. iii. 27 (1837). 



The cones of this species, the little sugar pine, while usually 11 to 15 cm. long, 

 sometimes reach 26 cm. The tree was found quite abundantly on the mountain slopes 

 about Mineral King (No. 1416), growing with the red fir, above the black pine belt 

 and below that of the foxtail pine. It occurred on tho east slope of Farwell Gap 

 and on the divide between Lyon and Trout meadows, but no specimens were seen 

 about Whitney Meadows, its place being taken there apparently by Pinus murrayana. 

 Specimens were collected by Mr. Funston noar the hoad of Owens River, on the east- 

 ern slope of the Sierra Nevada (No. 1865). 



i Trans. Linn. Soc. xv. 497 (1827). 



