S60 BOTANICAL SURVEY OF DISMAL SWAMP REGION. 



Inland formations. 



Nonhygrophile formations— The wooded or artificially deforested plain. 

 Forest formations. 

 Mixed forest. 

 Pine barrens. 

 Cleared -land formations (noncultural). 



Arboreous (trees that have survived the forest). 

 Shrubby (thickets and hedges). 

 Herbaceous. 

 Cultural formations. 

 Field crops. 



Garden vegetables. 

 Cereals. 

 Cotton. 

 Forage plants. 

 Other crops. 

 Cultivated trees. 

 Orchards. 

 Shade trees. 

 Weeds. 



Cultivated land. 

 Waysides. 

 Ruderal plants. 

 Fresh-water formations. 

 Hygrophile forest. 



Black gum swamp. 

 Open or light swamp. 



Juniper forest association. 

 Ericaceae (shrubby) association. 

 Canebrake (Arundinaria) association. 

 Woodwardia-Sphagnum association. 

 Fresh-water marsh formations. 

 Reed -marsh fori 1 niti on . 



Along rivers— Typha-Sagittaria association. 

 Edge hygrophile forest— Scirpus-Erianthus association. 

 Low marsh formation— Rynchospora-Eleocharis association. 

 Aquatic. ' 



MARITIME FORMATIONS. 



SALT-MARSH FORMATIONS. 



What may bo designated the "creek marsh" is a conspicuous ele- 

 ment in the topography of the region. It occurs usually as a narrow 

 strip bordering tidal streams up to the point where the water ceases 

 to be brackish, but not infrequently covers wider areas in lagoons and 

 bayous. The vegetation of the creek marsh is chiefly reed-like and 

 very dense. The species composing it arc halophile or salt-loving 

 plants, most of which are only occasional in other situations. They 

 are also limnophile, i. e., pre fe ring a clay or mud bottom. Toward 

 the upper limit of saline water the salt-marsh area becomes gradually 

 narrower, and its species fewer, while plants characteristic of fresh- 

 water marshes mix with the halophytic species, finally replacing them 



