406 BOTANICAL SURVEY OF DISMAL SWAMP REGION. 



E. comieulata, Cyp&rus pseudovegetus, Eleocharis tortilis, Carex 



verrucosa, as well aw Juncus setaceus, Habenaria cristata, Trachelos- 

 permum difforme (a thin-stemmed liana), etc. In such spots woody 

 undergrowth and lianas play a more important part than in the dry 

 pine woods. 



As we go farther south the Pine Barren formation becomes more 

 and more the predominant element in the plant covering, and the num- 

 ber of species composing it increases proportionately. Moreover, the 

 long-leaf pine (Pinus palustris) becomes more important in the forest 

 growth. Near Newbern, N. C., for example, the drier, more open soil 

 is occupied by grasses, in places by the characteristic wire grass (Aris- 

 tida striata) and the odd and handsome Campulosus aromaticus ( Cte- 

 nium americanum) as well as a variety of other plants— Linumflori- 

 danum, Lvdwigia virgata, Hypericum, pilosum, H. virgatum, species 

 of Lespedeza and Meibomia, Rhynchosia tomentosa, Indiyofera caro- 

 liana, Zornia bracteata, Eupatorium pinnatifidum, E. rotundifolium, 

 Lacinaria liatris graminifolia, Solidago petiolaris, etc. 



Still greater is the diversity of species in the lower, marshy places. 

 Here a variety of sedges, especially Rynchospora spp. , Carex verrucosa, 

 Dichromena colorata, and Fuirena' squarrosa constitute the ground- 

 work, while the pattern is formed of Hypericum galioides (flowers 

 bright yellow), Polygala lutea (orange), Aster paludosus (blue), Tri- 

 lisa paniculata, and Carphephorus tomentosus (purple), Solidago pid- 

 verulenta andS. pUosa (golden yellow), Ehexia ciliosa and R. glabella 

 (rose-purple), and many others. In si ill wetter spots the superb 

 Habenaria blephariglottis with large white and H. cristata with orange- 

 colored flowers are abundant, and Sarracenia flava is occasional. 

 Here also Lycopodium alopecuroides and often species of Sphagnum 

 (8. imbrieatum var., S. brevicaule) are abundant. 



The showy flowers of a great variety of herbaceous plants are the 

 characteristic feature of the pine barrens. They are much less con- 

 spicuous in the mixed forests. One is especially impressed with the 

 floral wealth of this formation in early autumn, when the gay colors of 

 many Compositae are everywhere a feature of the landscape. 



CLEARKD-LAXI) F( iRMATIONS— NONCULTURAL. 

 ARBOREOUS ASSOCIATIONS. 



Where the original forest growth is artificially removed individual 

 trees or small groves are often left standing, and, finding more 

 room for lateral growth than in the crowded forest, they assume 

 forms that are not commonly met with there. Such survivals of the 

 forest are especially frequent on roadsides and about dwellings in the 

 country. In the case of indigenous species it is, of course, often diffi- 

 cult to distinguish between trees which originally belonged to the 

 forest and those which have been planted by man. Therefore, all 



