64 PLANT LIFE OF ALABAMA. 
the home of golden-rods, rosinweeds, sunflowers, and Rudbeckias, 
besides numerous species of other genera of the same tribes as Heli- 
opsis, Verbesina, and Coreopsis. The following species, common on 
the plains of the western Alleghenian area, inhabit the open through- 
out the Carolinian area from the lower Alleghenies to the Mississippi: 
Helianthus divaricatus, 
Helianthus atropurpureus. 
FHetianthus tomentosus. 
Rudbeekia triloba, 
Rudbeckia heliopsidis. 
Rudheckia spathulata. 
Verbesina aristata, 
Heliopsis helianthoides (HH. laevis). 
Heliopsis minor. 
Solidago neglecta, 
- Solidago nemoralis. 
Solidago erecta. 
Solidago bicolor. 
Silphium terebinthinaceum. 
Silphium asperrimum. 
Silphium intermedium., 
Silphium dentatum. 
Silphium trifoliatum. 
Silphium laevigatuin. 
Helianthus microcephatus. 
Flelianthus hirsutus. 
Telianthus hirsutus trachyphyllus. 
Telianthus tracheliifolius. 
Helianthus strumosus. 
Helianthus schweinitzi. 
Coreopsis verticillata. 
Aster vimineus foliosus. 
Aster lateriflorus. 
Hicracium venosum. 
Hieracium paniculatum. 
Hieracium marianuin. 
Hieraciuim seribnert. 
Mesophile plant associations. —The highest summits are frequently 
watered by numerous springs, giving rise to grassy swales and lively 
brooklets. In the almost perpetually damp soil of the first prevail: 
Osmunda cinnamoinied, Angelica villosa, 
Solidago arquta. 
Solidago odora inodora. 
Seleria caroliniana, 
Habenaria ciliaris. 
The damp banks of the brooks are shaded with a varied vegetation 
of shrubs and small trees of which the following are examples: 
> 
Katinia latifolia. 
flex opaca.' 
Amelanclier canadensis. | 
Aronia arbutifolia,! 
Nolisina ligustrina, 
Hydrangea arborescens cordata. 
A dwarfed form of the sweet bireh (Betula lenta) was found on the 
cliffs near the brink where a brooklet on Chehawhaw Mountain leaps 
over the precipitous escarpment. This tree, a species of noble dimen- 
sions in its home in the Alleghenian life area, finds here, reduced to 
a small shrub, its southern limit. Azalea v/scosa glauca, with Zan- 
thoviza apiifolia,’ frequent throughout the mountains and Coast 
plain, prefer the moistened rocks near the brink. In the open val- 
leys from 1,000 to 2,000 feet above sea level—as, for example, in the 
Shinbone Valley and Talladega Valley in Clay County—the following 
- associations of mesophile herbaceous plants have been observed. 
1 Growing also in the lower valleys and on the Coast plain. 
