FLORA OF PINE BARREN BOGS AND WATERS. 127 
The same associations of Sarracenias, sundews, pipeworts, orchids, 
and Dichromenas which characterize the bogs of the uplands prevail 
in the boggy marshes of the plain. In the surrounding mire a number 
of marsh plants occur which are wanting, or are very rare, in the 
boggy hills. Of such the following are abundant all over this area: 
Lucopodium alopecuroides adpressum. Cyperus virens. 
Manisuris rugosa, Cyperus haspan. 
Paspalum praecox, Nyris communis, 
Paspalum membranaceum. Nyris fimbriata. 
Panicum stenodes. NXyris serotina, 
Scleria torreyana. NXyris ambigua. 
Fuirena squarrosa hispida. Rhexia stricta. 
Fuirena squarrosa breviseta Lobelia paludosa, 
Cyperus nuttallii. Tofieldia racemosa. 
The main channel of the gently flowing pine-barren streams is 
inhabited by a number of floating hydrophytes. Of the lower orders 
of plants Batrachospermum Ssp., with dark-green moniliform floating 
thallus over 1 foot in length, attaches its roots to logs and submerged 
roots of trees, associated with the large fronds of a water moss (/vnti- 
nalis disticha). Of flowering plants, occur in these waters: /Zydrochloa 
jiuitans, its long, floating stems in dense tufts frequently filling the 
bed of the streams; Vuphar sagittifolia, Utricularia purpurea, the 
golden club, Oronteum aquaticum, and Scirpus cylindricus. 
The still waters of the estuary of Mobile River and of the larger 
streams emptying into the upper part of the bay, fresh, except at 
long intervals, when it is slightly brackish, harbor a number of sub- 
merged species, forming in their dense mass subaquatic meadows, the 
feeding grounds of large flocks of waterfowl. The thread-like, 
many-branched stems of .V/te/ la acuminate var. and a short-stemmed 
species of the same genus, growing in dense tufts, form the floor of 
this limnean' vegetation, which is then made up of the following, 
which open their flowers above or below the water: 
Zannichellia palustris. Potamogeton lonchites. 
Ruppia maritima. Potamogeton perfoliatus, 
Ceratophyllum demersum. Myriophyllum laxum. 
Potamogeton crispus. Utricularia vulgaris, 
Potamogeton pusillus. Batrachium divaricatum. 
Potamogeton hybridus. Sagittaria filiformis (rare). 
Nelumbo lutea also appears, though but rarely. Vallisneria spiralis 
and the rarer Piilotria (Udora) canadensis, remarkable in their mode 
of fertilization, are also frequently associated with the above. 
Other hydrophytic herbaceous associations have their seat in the 
open river marshes. The islands in the lower part of the delta and 
the low banks of the streams in the tide-water region are covered with 
deep and extensive open marshes, the soft silt of which, rich in humus, 
supports an association of paludial plants (halophytes), which take root 
1 Hydrophytic class of Enalids or sea-grass vegetation of Warming. 
