DISTRIBUTION OF LIVERWORTS. 985 
Considering the proximity of our Southern region to the tropics, 
where these plants attain such a high development, the small number 
of forms which are held in common with tropical America, and which, 
on this continent, are not found outside of warmer temperate regions, 
such as Dumortiera, Reboulia, and Sphaerocarpus, is remarkable. 
Most of the genera represented in greatest numbers in the cooler tem- 
perate region (Alleghenian area), and more or less of a cosmopolitan 
distribution, are met with in every part of the State—for example, Ric- 
cia, Ricciella, Marchantia, Riccardia, Cephalozia, Plagiochila, Porella, 
Scapania, Lejeunea, Frullania, and others. There can be little doubt 
that some of the genera prevailing in the Northern States and Canada, 
not yet known from Alabama, will be added to our flora by a closer 
search for the plants in the Mountain region. 
About one-half of the species known from Alabama belong: strictly 
to Eastern North America; 14 species are held in common with 
Europe, and 11 occur on the Pacific slope, mostly in its northern exten- 
sion, all of which, with the exception of Asterella tenella, are also widely 
distributed in the cooler temperate zone of Europe. 
Little more than one-half of the liverworts so far reported from the 
State are of a decided Southern distribution. Strictly confined to the 
subtropical district (Louisianian life area) are the following: 
Marchantia disjuncta, Lejeunea mohrit. 
Sphaerocarpus terrestris. Lejeunea auriculata. 
Fossombronia faveolata, Frullania kunzei. 
Plagiochila ludoviciana. Frullania caroliniana. 
Cephalozia media (?). Frullania donnellii. 
Phraygmidium xanthocarpa. Anthoceros carolinianus. 
Lejeunea austini. Anthoceros rarenelii. 
The following are confined within the warmer temperate zone (Caro- 
linian life area): 
Riccia lamellosa. Cephalozia virginica. 
Reboulia hemispherica. Bazzania trilobata, 
Dumortiera hirsuta. Phragmicoma clypeata. 
Pallavicinia lyellii. Lejeunea serpyllifolia. 
Fossombronia angulosa. Frullania squarrosa. 
Plagiochila undata. 
The species extending to the cooler temperate and frigid regions are 
scattered over the State from the Gulf shore to its northern limit. 
The specimens early collected by the writer were identified by the 
late Mr. G. F. Austin. His collections of later years have been exam- 
ined by Professor Underwood, to whom thanks are due for this, as also 
for his assistance in revising the list of Hepaticae from Alabama. 
