666 PLANT LIFE OF ALABAMA. 
SYMPLOCACEAE. Sweetleaf Family. 
SYMPLOCOS L.Sp. Pl. ed.2,1: 747. 1765. 
About 175 species, subtropical and tropical regions, eastern Asia, and South Amer- 
ica to Brazil. North America, lL. 
Symplocos tinctoria (L.) L’Her. Trans. Linn, Soe. 1: 176. 1791. 
HORSE SUGAR. SWEETLEAF, 
Hopea tinctoria L. Mant. 1:105, 1767. 
BM. Sk.2:173. Gray, Man. ed. 6,335, Chap. Fl 272. Gray, Syn. FIN. A. 2, pt. 1: 
70, Sarvent, Silv. N. A. 6:15, ¢. 2.56. 
Carolinian and Louisianian areas. Delaware to Tennessee, North Carolina (3,000 
feet altitude), Georgia, Florida, west to Louisiana, 
ALABAMA: Tennessee Valley to the Coast plain. Low woods, swampy banks of 
streams. Morgan County, Falkville. Cullman, Monroe, Baldwin, and Mobile coun. 
ties. Flowers yellow, fragrant; March, April. Fruitripein August and September; 
yellowish brown, A shrub, or frequently a small tree 15 to 20 feet high; leaves par- 
tially persistent, of sweet taste, much relished by horses and cattle. The fragrant 
flowers are visited by hosts of hymenopterous insects. 
Keonomic uses: The leaves are used for dyeing. 
Type locality: “Tab. in Carolina.” 
Herb, Geol. Surv. Herb. Mohr. 
OLEACEAE. Olive Family. 
FRAXINUS L.Sp. P12: 1057. 1753. 
About 40 species, trees, north temperate zone, Europe, Asia. North America, 12. 
Fraxinus americana L. Sp. ?1.2:1057. 1753. Wire ASH. 
Irraxinus alba Marsh. Arb.51 1785. 
FV acuminata Lam. Eneyel. 2:542. 1786, 
EM. Sk. 2:672. Gray, Man. ed. 6,335, Chap, Fl. 369. Gray, Syn. Fl. N. A. 2, pt. 
1:74. Sargent, Silv.N. A. 6:43, 4.268 
Alleghenian, Carolinian, and Louisianian areas. Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, 
Quebec, Ontario; New England, west to northern Minnesota, Nebraska, and 
Arkansas; southern Ohio Valley to the Gulf, and from Florida to Louisiana, 
ALABAMA: Over the State. Rich woodlands, above overilow. At greatest per- 
fection in the Tennessee Valley and about the upper waters of the Tombigbee and 
Alabama rivers; frequent. 
As has been observed in many localities.in the Gult States, the fruit of the south- 
ern tree is more slender. and of smaller size than northward, in barren localities 
passing freely into the following form, 
Keonomic uses: Important timber tree. The inner bark is used in domestie 
medicine. 
Type locality: “ Hab.in Carolina, Virginia.” 
Herb. Geol, Surv. 
Fraxinus americana curtissii (Vasey) Sudworth, Nomene, Arb. Fl. U.S. 327. 1897. 
SMALL-FRUITED Wire ASH, 
Fravinus albicans Buckley, Proc. Acad. Phila. 1862:4. 1862. In part. 
PF. curtissii Vasey, Rep. Coin. Agr. 18753 :168. 1876. 
I, americana var, microcarpa tivay, Syn. hl N.A.2, pt. 1:75. 1878. 
Carolinian and Louisianian areas. ‘Tennessee. 
ALABAMA: Tennessee Valley. Prairie region. Morgan County, Cedar Plains, 
Madison County, near Huntsville, rocky foothills with red cedar, Eufaula (Curtiss), 
As observed in northern Alabaina a tree below medium size, differing strikingly 
in aspect from the typical form; the bark dark and very rough, the low spreading 
branches drooping. Fruit about half the size of that of the type, often abortive. 
Type locality: ‘Eufala, Ala.” Curtiss. 
Herb. Mohr. 
Fraxinus biltmoreana Beadle, Bot. Gaz. 25 :358. 1898. Binrmore Asi, 
Younger shoots pubescent. Leaves & to 12 inches long, leaflets 7 to 9, ovate to 
oblong-ovate, acuminate, sometimes falcately rounded and inequilateral at the hase, 
entire or obscurely denticulate, pubescent especially aloag the veins; petioles 
finely pubescent; samaras in open, nearly glabrous panicles, from 1} to 2 inches lone, 
finch wide, the wing from 2 to 3 times the length of the elliptical, usmargined, 
many-nerved body. 
