VERVAIN FAMILY. 693 
Verbena urticaefolia L. Sp. Pl. 1:20. 17538. WHITE VERVAIN. 
Ell. Sk. 2:98. Gray, Man. ed. 6, 402. Chap. Fl. 307. Gray, Svn. FI. N. A. 2, pt. 
1:335. Coulter, Contr. Nat. Herb. 2:327. Griseb. Fl. Brit. W. Ind. 493. 
WEST INDIES, MEXICO, CENTRAL AMERICA. 
Alleghenian, Carolinian, and Louisianian areas. Quebec, Ontario; New England 
west to Nebraska, south to the Gulf from Florida to Texas. 
ALABAMA: Over the State. Damp low thickets, borders of fields and woods. 
Flowers white or blue; July to October. Common everywhere. A coarse weed, 2 to 
3 feet high. Perennial. A form with blue flowers and the leaves rougher with the 
above in the Coast plain. 
Type locality: “Hab. in Virginiae, Canadae aridis.” 
Herb. Geol. Surv. Herb. Mohr. 
Verbena carolina L. Sp. Pl. ed. 2, 1:29. 1762. CAROLINA VERVAIN. 
Verbena caroliniana Michx. Fl]. Bor. Am. 2:14. 1803. 
Phryma carolinensis Walt. Fl. Car. 166. 1788. 
El. Sk. 2:99. Chap. Fl. 307. Gray, Syn. Fl. N. A. 2, pt. 1: 336, 
MEXICO, GUATEMALA, 
Louisianian area, North Carolina to Florida, west to Louisiana, 
ALABAMA: Central Pine belt to Lower Pine region. Dry sandy soil. Open copses 
and open pine woods. Bibb, Autauga, Montgomery, Clarke, Washington, Escambia, 
Mobile, and Baldwin counties. Flowers pink; June, July. Common. Perennial. 
One to 14 feet high. Most frequent in the dry pine barrens of the Coast Pine belt. 
Type locality: ‘‘Hab.in America septentrionali.” 
Herb. Geol. Surv. Herb. Mohr. 
Verbena angustifolia Michx. Fl. Bor. Am. 2:14, 1803. NARROW-LEAF VERVAIN, 
Gray, Man. ed.6,402. Chap. F 1.307.) Gray, Syn. FIN. A. 2, pt. 1: 336. 
Alleghenian and Carolinian areas. Ontario; New England, west to Minnesota; 
southern Ohio Valley, Missouri, Arkansas, and Tennessee. 
ALABAMA: Tennessee Valley to Central Prairie region. Exposed places, borders 
of tields, pastures. Jackson County, Stevenson, 600 feet. Madison and Marshall 
counties. Morgan County, Decatur. Montgomery County. Flowers blue; May to 
July. Frequent. Most frequent in the stiff calcareous clay soil all over the Ten- 
nessee Valley. Perennial. 
Type locality: ‘Hab. in Tennassée et in comitatu Carlisle, Pennsylvaniae,” 
Herb. Geol. Surv. Herb. Mohr. 
Verbena hastata L. Sp. Pl.1:20. 1753. BLUE VERVAIN. 
Verbena paniculata Lam. Encycl. 8:548, 1808, 
EM. Sk.1:97. Gray, Man.ed. 6, 402. Chap. Fl. 307. Gray, Syn. Fl. N. A. 2, pt. 
1: 336. 
Alleghenian and Carolinian areas. Nova Scotia and Quebec to Manitoba; New 
England west to Minnesota, Missouri, Arkansas, New Mexico, California, and south 
through the Ohio Valley to Tennessee, South Carolina, and Georgia. 
ALABAMA: Tennessee Valley. Jackson County, Stevenson (i. 4. Smith). Scarce. 
Perennial. 
Type locality: ‘Hab. in Canadae humidis.” 
Herb. Geol. Surv. 
Verbena bracteosa Michx. I'l. Bor. Am. 2:15. 1803. 
Verbena canescens Chap. 1.307, 1860. Not H. B.K. 
Gray, Man. ed.6, 402. Gray, Syn. F1.N. A. 2, pt.1: 336. Coulter, Contr. Nat. Herb. 
23327. 
Alleghenian to Louisianian area. Saskatchewan, British Columbia; Minnesota, 
Michigan, the Ohio Valley, Missouri, Arkansas, southern Tennessee, and from 
Florida to Texas. 
ALABAMA: Tennessee Valley. Lawrence County, Moulton. Tuscaloosa, Mont- 
gomery, and Mobile counties. Open sandy places, pastures, roadsides. Always 
pear dwellings. Flowers purplish; July to September. Not frequent. Annual or 
perennial, 
Type locality: ‘Hab. in regione Ilinoensi et in urbe Nash-ville.” 
Herb. Geol. Surv. 
Verbena canadensis (L.) Britton, Mem. Torr. Club, 5:276, 1894. 
AUBLET’S VERBENA. 
Buchnera canadensis L. Mant. 1:88. 1767. 
Verbena aubletia Jacq. Hort. Vindeb. 2:82, t. 776. 1772. 
El. Sk. 2:96. Gray, Man. ed. 6,402. Chap. FL. 307. Gray, Syn. FL N. A. 2, pt. 1: 337. 
Coulter, Contr. Nat. Herb. 2: 328, 
