714 PLANT LIFE OF ALABAMA. 
fruit ripe August to October, size of a cherry, carmine-red, shining. Perennial, 
shrubby at the base, densely branched, forming bushes 2 to 3 feet high, attractive 
when in full bloom or loaded with fruit. The most frequent and persistent of our 
ballast plants. Perennial, 
Type locality: ‘‘Ex agro Bonariense. * * * Commers, herb,’’ 
Herb. Geol. Surv. Herb. Mohr. 
Solanum carolinense L. Sp. Pl. 1: 187. 1753. Horse NETTLE, 
Kl. Sk. 1:282, Gray, Man. ed. 6,374. Chap. Fl. 349. Gray, Syn. Fl. N. A. 2, pt. 
1: 230, Coulter, Contr. Nat. Herb, 2: 298. 
Carolinian and Louisianian areas. Southern Connecticut and New York west to 
Missouri and Arkansas, south to Florida and Texas. 
ALABAMA: Over the State. In high sandy open ground, fields, pastures, roadsides. 
Corolla white or pearl blue; June to October, Fruit ripens August to October; 
orange. In all sections equally abundant. A most pernicious weed in garden and 
field. Perennial. 
Type locality: ‘Lab. in Carolina.” 
Herb. Geol, Surv, Herb. Mohr, 
Solanum elaeagnifolium Cav. Icon. 3: 22, t..243. 1794. SILVER-LEAF NIGHTSHADE, 
Gray, Man. ed. 6, 374. Gray, Syn. Fl. N. A. 2, pt. 1:230. Coulter, Contr. Nat. 
Herb. 2:298. Wats. Bot. Calif. 1:539. 
CHILE, MEXICO, 
Carolinian, Louisianian, and Sonoran areas, Texas, Kansas, and California. 
ALABAMA: Adventive from the Southwest. Waste places Mobile County, road- 
sides, ballast grounds. Flowers pale blue; June. Rare. One to 1} feet high, 
Perennial. 
Type locality: “ Hab.in America calidiore.” 
Herb, Geol. Surv. Herb. Mohr. 
Solanum torvum Sw. Prodr, Veg. Ind. Oce. 47. 1788. 
Griseb. Fl. Brit. W. Ind. 441. 
West INpIEs, Mexico To Brazit, ECUADOR, EAsT INDIES. 
ALABAMA: Adventive with ballast. Mobile County. Flowers pale blue or pur- 
plish; August, September, Fruit ripe in October; berries black. Three to 4 feet 
high. 
This coarse shrubby plant rarely survives the winter. It propagates from the 
perfectly mature seed almost one year after another, 
Type locality: ‘ India occidentalis.” 
Herb. Geol. Surv. Herb. Mohr. 
CAPSICUM L. Sp. Pl.1:270. 1758. CAYENNE PEPPER, 
Thirty species, tropical America, 
Capsicum baccatum L. Mant. 1:47. 1767. Birp PErprER. CHILI. 
Gray, Syn. PLN. A. 2, pt. 1:231. Coulter, Contr, Nat, Herb. 2:299, Wats. Bot. 
Calif.1:340, Griseb. ll. Brit. W. Ind. 436, 
Introduced from SouTH AMERICA and naturalized in all TROPICAL COUNTRIES. 
Lower Sonoran and Louisianian areas. Escaped from cultivation and partially 
naturalized from California to Florida. 
ALABAMA: Waste places about dwellings. Mobile County, Dauphin Island, where 
it is frequent, of spontaneous growth. June, 1898. Shrubhy. 
cconomic uses: The highly pungent berries are used as a condiment—the chili of 
the Mexicans. They furnish Cayenne pepper, the Capsicum of the U.S. Pharma- 
copaia, 
Type locality: ‘Hab, in Indiis.” 
Herb. Geol. Surv. Herb. Mohr, 
DATURA IL. Sp. P1.1:179. 1753. Tnorn APPLE. 
Fifteen species, warmer regions, Northern Hemisphere. 
Datura tatula L. Sp. Pl. ed. 2,1: 256. 1762. PurreLtE THORN APPLE. 
EU. 8k.1:277. Gray, Man, ed. 6,377. Chap. Fl. 352. Gray, Syn. FILN. A. 2, pt. 1: 
240. Wats. Bot. Calif. 1:544.  Griseb. Fl. Brit. W. Ind. 434, 
SoutTHn AMERICA. 
Carolinian and Louisianian areas. Naturalized from Ontario and New York, west 
to Iowa, Missouri, and Arkansas, south to Florida and Louisiana. Perhaps indig- 
enous on the South Atlantic and Gulf coasts. 
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