RAGWEED FAMILY. Cod 
Iva frutescens L. Sp. Pl. 2: 989. 1753. SHRUBBY Marsi ELDER. 
El. Sk.2:474. Gray, Man. ed. 6, 272. Chap. Fl. 222.) Gray, Syn. Fl. N. A. 1, pt. 
2:247, Coulter, Contr. Nat. Herb. 2: 208. 
Carolinian to Louisianian area. Coastof Massachusetts to Florida, west to Texas. 
ALABAMA: Coast plain. Submaritime and Littoral region. Muddy brackish 
shores and marshes near the sea beach. Mobile County, estuary of the Mobile 
River; West Fowl River; Dauphin Island. Baldwin County, Point Clear. Shrub 
5 to 6 feet high. 
Type locality: ‘‘Hab.in Virginia, Pern.” 
Herb. Geol. Surv. Herb. Mohr. 
AMBROSIA L. Sp. Pl. 2:987. 1753. 
Twenty-five species, Mediterranean region of the Old World, Sandwich Islands, 
temperate warmer America. North America, &. Atlantic, 4. 
Ambrosia trifida L. Sp. Pl. 2: 987. 1753. TALL RAGWEED. 
Ell. Sk.2:476. Gray, Man. ed. 6, 273. Chap. Fl. 228. Gray, Syn. Fl. N. A. 1, pt. 2: 
249, Coulter, Contr. Nat. Herb, 2: 209, 
Cura, MEXICo. 
Alleghenian to Louisianian area. Quebec and Ontario to Manitoba; New England 
west to Minnesota, south to the Gulf; from Florida west to Texas, Arkansas, and 
Colorado. 
ALABAMA: Throughout the State. In rich damp soil, alluvial banks, borders of 
low fields. Abundant in the rich valley lands and the black lands of the prairie 
region. July to September. Annual. 
Type locality: ‘‘ Hab, in Virginia, Canada,” 
Herb. Geol. Surv. Herb. Mohr. 
Ambrosia artemisiaefolia L. Sp. Pl. 2: 988. 1753. HOGWEED. BITTERWEED. 
Ell. Sk. 2:477. Gray, Man. ed. 6, 273. Chap. Fl. 228. Gray, Syn. Fl. N.A.1, pt. 2: 
249. Coulter, Contr. Nat. Herb. 2: 210. 
Cuba, MEXICO, BRAZIL, 
Alleghenian to Louisianian area. Nova Scotia to Saskatchewan and the Pacific 
coast. All over the Eastern United States, west to Arkansas and Texas. 
ALABAMA: Over the State. Dry cultivated ground; the commonest of weeds. 
July to September. Annual, 
Type locality: “Hab.in Virginia, Pensylvania.” 
Herb. Geol. Surv. Herb. Mohr. 
Ambrosia psilostachya DC. Prodr. 5:526. 1856. PRAIRIE RAGWEED. 
Gray, Man. ed. 6, 273. Gray, Syn. Fl. N, A. 1, pt.2: 250, Coulter, Contr. Nat. Herb. 
2:210. 
Alleghenian to Carolinian area, Illinois west to Saskatchewan. 
ALABAMA: Adventive from Texas with wool. <Autauga County, Prattville. 
Perennial. 
Type locality: ‘‘In Mexico inter San-Fernando et Matamoros legit cl, Berlandier.” 
Herb. Geol. Surv. Herb. Mohr. 
XANTHIUM L.Sp. Pl. 2:987. 1753. 
About5 species, temperate and warmer regions of the Old and New World. North 
America, endemic, 1; native, 3. 
Xanthium strumarium L. Sp. P).2:987. 1753. COCKLEBUR, BURWEED, 
Ell. Sk. 2:479, in part. Gray, Man. ed. 6, 274. Chap. Fl. 224; ed. 3,245. Gray, Syn. 
FIL.N.A.1,pt.2:521. Coulter, Contr. Nat. Herb. 2 : 210. 
EUROPE, ASIA. 
Alleghenian to Louisianian area. Naturalized throughout the eastern United 
States to Nebraska and Texas. 
ALABAMA: Over the State, about dwellings and in cultivated and waste places, 
Tuscaloosa and Mobile counties. Apparently not abundant. 
Type locality: ‘‘Hab. in Enropa, Canada, Virginia, Jamaica, Zeylona, Japonia.’ 
, 
Xanthium canadense Mill. Dict. ed.&, no. 2. 1768. COCKLEBUR. 
Nanthium echinatum Murr. Comm. Goett. 6:32, t. 4. 1788. 
El. Sk. 2:479.(?) Gray, Man.ed.6,271. Chap. Fl. 224. Gray, Syn. FL N. A. 1, pt. 
2:252. Coulter, Contr. Nat. Herb. 2: 211. 
