THISTLE FAMILY. 791 
ALABAMA: Mountain region to Central Pine pelt. Dry rocky or gravelly hills. 
Dekalb County, Lookout Mountain. Clay, Cullman, Calhoun, St. Clair, and Talla- 
dega counties. Flowers white; April. Common throughout the mountains and 
lower hills. Not observed in the low country, 
Type locality: ‘‘Hab.in Virginia.” 
Herb. Mohr. 
GNAPHALIUM L. sp. P1.2:850. 1753. 
Cne hundred and twenty species, cosmopolitan, Europe, northern Asia, North 
America, 15; Atlantic, 5; endemic, 4. 
Gnaphalium helleri Britton, Bull. Torr. Club. 20:280, 1893. 
HELLER’s LIFE EVERLASTING, 
Britt. & Br. WH). F1e3:401. 1898. 
Carolinian area. Southeastern Virginia and along the mountains to Georgia. 
ALABAMA: Mountain region. Open woods and copses. Dekalb County, Lookout 
Mountain, 1,800 feet, near Mentone. Flowers September; apparently not rare. 
Similar to G, obtusifolinm, from which, however, it is at once distinguished by 
the close, densely glandular, not tomentose, pubesc ence, 
Type loc: lity: * “In fie lds, Southeastern Virginia (Heller) to Georgia (Boykin).” 
Gnaphalium obtusifolium L. Sp, Pl. 2:&51. 1753. SWEET LIFE EVERLASTING, 
Gnaphalium polycephalum Michxs. I'l. Bor, Am, 2:127, 1803, 
Ell. Sk.2:325. Gray, Man. ed.6, 268. Chap, FL 243; ed. 3, 259. Gray, Syn. Fl. 1, 
pt. 2: 234. 
Canadian zone, Alleghenian to Louisianian area. Nova Scotia, Quebec, Ontario; 
New England west to Minnesota, south to the Gulf, from Florida to Texas, Ar- 
kansas, aud Missouri. 
ALABAMA: Over the State. Dry borders of woods, pastures, old tields. Flowers 
white; July to October. Frequent. Annual. 
Economic uses: The herb, “life everlasting,” is used in domesti* medicin> 
Type locality: ‘ Hab.in Virginia, Pensylvania.” 
Herb. Geol. Surv. Herb. Mohr. 
Gnaphalium purpureum L. Sp. Pl. 2: 854. 1803, PURPLE CUDWEED. 
El. Sk. 2:325. Gray, Man. ed. 6,269. Chap. Fl. 243, Gray, Syn. FL. N. A, 1, pt. 
2: 236. Coulter, Contr. Nat. Herb, 2; 203. 
MEXICO. 
Alleghenian to Louisianian area. British Columbia; southern New England to 
Florida, west to Texas, Arkansas, and Missouri. 
ALABAMA: Over the State. In light exposed soil, waste and cultivated places. 
An annual or biennial winter weed. 
Type locality: ‘‘Hab.in “ Carolina, Virginia, Pensylvania.” 
Herb. Geol. Surv. Herb. Molir. 
Gnaphalium spathulatum Lam. Encycl. 2: 758. 1786. 
To this species issomewhat doubttully referred the southern form included by late 
authors in the last, but which is at once recognized as distinct by the loose and 
longer, persistently. arachnoid, wool covering the stem and leaves. The stem is 
mostly simple from the perennial root; the leaves are rather thin, green above but 
slightly cinereous beneath, broadly spatulate; the lower clusters of the flowering 
he: ads, borne on shorter or longer peduncles, form a conspicuously leafy racemose 
intlorescence. ‘The inner involucral seales are line 2ar, acute, and shining. 
West INDIES, SOUTH AMERICA. 
Louisianian area. 
ALABAMA: Prairie region toCoast plain. Montgomery and Mobile counties; waste 
grounds, roadsides, and pastures, near dwellings. Probably introduced from the 
tropics and perfectly naturalized. Flowers w hite; throughout the summer. Not 
infrequent. 
Type locality: ‘‘Nous ignorons son lieu natal; mais nous la soupgonnons d’Amé- 
rique. * * * Pent-étre vient elle du Cap de Bonne Espérance.” 
Herb. Geol. Surv. Herb. Mohr. 
POLYMNIA 1... Sp. Pl. 2: 926. 1753. 
Ten to 12 species, perennial herbs, American, from Argentina to Canada. North 
America, 2. 
Polymnia canadensis L. Sp. P1.2:926. 1753, CANADA LEAEF-CUP. 
Ell. Sk. 2:471. Gray, Man. ed. 6, 269. Chap. Fl. 219. Gray, Syn. Fl. N. A. 1, pt. 
2: 238. 
