816 PLANT LIFE OF ALABAMA. 
Alleghenian and Carolinian areas. Canada; western New York and Michigan to 
Minnesota, south to the Ohio Valley, Missouri, and Arkansas, and along the moun- 
tains to Georgia. 
ALABAMA: Mountain region to Lower hills. Rich woodlands. Tallapoosa and 
Tuscaloosa counties, Flowers white; June, Four to 5 feet. Not frequent. 
Type locality: ‘‘ Hab. in Virginia, Canada.” 
Herb. Geol. Surv. Herb, Mohr. 
Mesadenia ovata (Walt.) Raf. New Fl. 4:79. 1836. OVATE-LEAF INDIAN PLANTAIN. 
Cacalia orata Walt F). Car. 196. 1788. 
EL. Sk. 2:310. Chap. FI. 244.) Gray, Syn. FL. N. A. 1, pt. 2: 395. 
Louisianian area. Georgia to western Florida and west to Louisiana, 
ALABAMA: Central prairies. Damp thickets, open:woods. Montgomery County. 
Lee County, Auburn (farle). Flowers white; July to September. Rare. Local. 
Type locality: South Carolina, 
Herb. Geol. Surv. Herb. Mohr. 
Mesadenia tuberosa (Nutt.) Britton in Britt. & Br. Ill, Fl, 3:474. 
TUBEROUS-ROOTED INDIAN PLANTAIN, 
Cacalia tuberosa Nutt. Gen, 2: 138. 1818. 
Mesadenia plantaginea Rat. New FL. 4:79. 1836. 
Gray, Man. ed. 6, 294. Chap. FI. 244.) Gray, Syn. FL ON. A. 1, pt. 2: 396. Coulter, 
Contr. Nat. Herb, 2: 242. 
Alleghenian to Louisianian area. Ontario and Ohio to Missouri, Michigan, and 
Minnesota, south along the mountains to Georgia and Florida, west to Texas and 
Arkansas. 
ALABAMA: Central Prairie belt. Low banks and fields. Hale County, Gallion. 
Dallas County, Uniontown (H#. A. Smith). Flowers white; July, August. Not 
frequent. 
Type locality: ‘On shady hills near Natchez on the banks of the Mississippi, and 
also around St. Louis.” 
Herb. Geol. Surv. Herb. Mohr. 
Mesadenia lanceolata (Nutt.) Raf. New I'l. 4:79. 1836. 
LANCE-LEAF INDIAN PLANTAIN, 
Cacalia lanceolata Nutt, Gen. 2: 138. 1818. 
Ell. Sk. 2:311. Chap. Fl. 245. Gray, Syn. FL ON. A. 1, pt. 2:396. 
Louisianian area. Georgia and Florida to Louisiana, 
ALABAMA: Coast plain. Swampy banks along pine-barren streams, grassy river 
marshes, Mobile and Baldwin counties, Flowers white; August, September. 
Three to 6 feet high. Frequent; abundant in the submaritime marshes, fresh or 
slightly brackish. 
Type locality: “In Georgia and Florida.—Dr. Baldwyn.” 
Herb. Geol. Surv. 
ARCTIUM L. Sp. Pl. 2:816. 1753. 
Six species, perennial herbs, temperate Kurope, Asia. 
Arctium minus Schk. Bot. Handb. 3:49, 1803. SMALLER BURDOCK. 
Lappa minor DC. Fl. Fr. 4:77. 1805, 
EUROPE, 
Naturalized, Canada and eastern United States. 
ALABAMA: Tennessee Valley, Waste places, Marshall County, Gunthersville. 
Decatur. July, August. 
Type locality not ascertained. 
Herb. Geol. Surv. 
CARDUUS L.Sp. PI]. 2:820. 1753, THiste, 
About 250 species, perennials, temperate regions. Europe, Asia. North America, 
37; Atlantic, 12. 
Carduus spinosissimus Walt. Fl. Car. 194, 1782. YELLOW ‘THISTLE, 
Cirsium horridulum Michx. Fl. Bor. Am. 2:90. 1803. 
Cnicus horridulus Pursh, Fl. Am, Sept. 22507, 1814. 
Gray, Man. ed. 6,295. Chap. FI. 248.) Gray, Syn. FlON. A. 1, pt. 2: 400, Coulter, 
Contr. Nat. Herb. 2: 243. 
'Vide Edward L. Green, Pittonia, vol. 3, p. 180. 1897. 
