S18 PLANT LIFE OF ALABAMA. 
EUROPE. 
Canadian zone to Carolinian area. Newfoundland to Saskatchewan, and to North- 
ern and Middle States, 
ALABAMA: Adventive from Europe on ballast heaps. Mobile County, August, 1893. 
Observed through several seasons; not spreading. 
Type locality: ‘Hab. in Kuropae cultis agris.” 
Herb. Geol. Surv. Herb, Mohr. 
Carduus lanceolatus L. Sp. P1l.2:821. 1753. COMMON THISTLE. 
Cirsium lanceolatum Scop. Fl. Carn, ed. 2, 2: 180. 1772. 
Cnicus lanceolatus Willd. Prodr, Fl. Ber, 259. 1787. 
HUROPE, _ 
Naturalized throughout Canada to Vancouver Island, and in the Kastern United 
States. 
ALABAMA! Diffused through the State. Waste places, roadsides, Clay County, 
near lronaton, Mobile County, near the shipping. July; rare, 
Type locality: ‘* Hab. in Europae cultis ruderatis.” 
Herb. Geol. Surv. Herb. Mohr. 
Carduus pycnocephalus L. Sp. Pl. ed.2,2: 1151. 1763, 
EUROPE, 
On ballast, Camden, N. J. (MVartindale), 
ALABAMA: Mobile County, Adventive on ballast. Tiree to 4 feet high; flowers 
pale red. Perennial. Observed 18x89. 
Type locality: ‘Hab.in Europa australi.” 
Herb. Geol. Surv. Herb. Mohr. 
ONOPORDON L.&p. PI.2:827. 1755. Corron THISTLE, 
About 12 species, natives of the Old World. 
Onopordon acanthium L. Sp. Pl. 2: 827. 1753. 
Carolinian area, Adventive in southern New England, other Atlantic States, and 
the Ohio Valley. 
ALABAMA: Fugitive on ballast. Mobile County, August, 1887, lerennial, 
Type locality: ‘ Hab. in Europae ruderiatis, cultis.” 
Herb, Geol Surv. Herb, Mohr. 
MARIANA IIill, Veg. Syst.4:19. 1762. MILK THISTLE. 
(SILYBUM Gaert. Fruct. 2:378, ¢. 262. 1791.) 
One species. Mediterranean region, 
Mariana mariana (L.) Hill, Hort. Kew. 61. 1768, 
Carduus marianus L. Sp. Pl. 228238. 1753. 
Silybum marianum Gaert. Pruct. 2:378, ¢. 762. 171. MILK THISTLE, 
Gray, Syn. FLN.A.1, pt. 2:405. Wats. Bot. Calif. 1: 421. 
MEDITERRANEAN EUROPE, 
Adventive in California. 
ALABAMA: Fugitive on ballast. Mobile County, Flowers purple; May. Three 
to 4 feet high. Annual, 
Type locality: “Hab. in Angliac, Galliae, Italiac ageribus ruderatis.” 
Herb. Geol, Surv. Herb. Mohr, 
CNICUS L. Sp. PI). 2: 826. 1753, 
One species, Mediterranean countries, 
Cnicus benedictus L. Sp. Pl. 2: 826, 1753, BLESSED THISTLE. 
Centaurea benedicta L. Sp. Pl. ed, 2,2: 1296. 1763. 
Gray, Man. ed, 6, 297. Gray, Syn. FILN, A. 1, pt.2: 406. Coulter, Contr, Nat. Herb, 
2:244. 
SOUTHERN EUROPE, 
Carolinian area, Naturalized in southern Atlantic seaports, in the interior of 
Texas, and in California, 
