CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 
4. SANICULA L. Sp. PI. 1:235. 1753, 
Calyx teeth somewhat foliaceous, persistent. Fruit subglobose, 
densely covered with hooked bristles or tuberculate. Carpel with 
neither ribs nor strengthening cells. Stylopodium wanting. Oil 
tubes mostly large, 5 
(3 dorsal and 2 com- 
missural), or 3 to 
many irregularly dis- 
\ J y tributed. Seed face 
\\ 28 from plane to deeply 
concave or sulcate. 
Smooth perennials, 
with almost naked or 
few-leaved stems, 
mostly palmate (pin- 
nate in a few species) leaves with more or less pinnatifid or incised 
lobes, involucre and involucels present, and greenish-yellow or purple 
flowers in irregularly compound few-rayed umbels. 
First species cited, S. ewropaca L. 
A group of about 80 species belonging to both hemispheres, 18 of 
which occur in the United States and Canada. 
Fig. 4.—Sanicula trifoliata: a, « 4; b, x 10. 
Atlantic species; oil tubes 5 (except in S. trifoliata), 
Styles much longer than the bristles; sterile flowers often in separate umbellets. 
Fruit not stipitate; bristles bulbous at base........222-..----- 1. *. marilandica, 
Fruit stipitate; bristles not bulbous at base. .........2222.-----. 2. S. gregaria. 
Styles shorter than the bristles; sterile flowers intermixed with the fertile not in 
separate umbellets. 
Oil tubes 5. 
Fruit stipitate .....2.22.-2.2-----------0------------------ 3. S. canadensis. 
Fruit not stipitate.........202.2.2---20----2- 22 eee eee eee 4. S. smallii. 
Oil tubes numerous..........2--.-.------2-.22--0-2222202----2-0-- 5. S. trifoliata. 
Pacific species; oil tubes irregular in number and distribution. 
Mature fruit pediceled or stipitate. 
Involucels small. 
Fruit bristly all over; leaves not with conspicuously winged rac ne 
1, S. menziesit. 
Fruit naked (at least less bristly) below; leaves with conspictiously winged 
rachis. .....2.-.0-2.----220-- 2-222 ee eee eee ee eee 7. S. arguta. 
Involucels conspicuous .....-.--------------+----+------ ee eee 8. S. arctopoides. 
Mature fruit neither pediceled nor stipitate. 
Leaves palmate in type. 
Leaves palmately divided. 
Leaves with main divisions ¢ onfiuent at base. 
Involucels conspicuous ......-----------+----------------- 9. S. howelliv. 
Involucels small ..............------------------------ 10. S. laciniata. 
Leaves with main divisions distinct at base. 
The numerous peduncles arising in a cluster from near the base. 
11. S. nevadensis. 
Peduncles arising singly along the stem 
te eeeceeeeee 12, S. septentrionalis. 
i) 
