94 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 
A genus of about 10 species, chiefly North American, one species 
being Mexican, another (the type) European. 
Immediately following our Revision, in which but three North American species 
of Cicuta were recognized, Professor Greene (Pittonia 2:1-11. 1889) revised the genus, 
disclaiming the presence of C. virosa L. in our flora, and segregating several western 
species. After a study of very much more abundant material, we have concluded 
that his points are well taken, and the following presentation follows largely the 
lines which he proposed. In his revision Professor Greene laid special stress upon 
characters supplied by the rootstocks and roots, and proposed the following key: 
* Root axis very short, nearly or quite erect, not enlarged, its partitions crowded. 
+ Roots all alike, slender fibrous. 
C. virosa. 
+ + Main roots coarse, elongated, fleshy fibrous. 
C. bolanderi, C. occidentalis, C. purpurata [douglasi ]. 
+ + + Main roots oval or oblong, fleshy tuberiform. 
C. maculata [and curtissii], CL bulbifera. 
**Rhizomatous species; the root axis greatly enlarged, horizontal, only partly or 
not at all subterranean, emitting fibrous roots from beneath. 
C. vagans, C. californica. 
We reproduce the above key in the hope that it may be further tested in the field, 
for with the material at our 
command we have not been 
able to follow it fully. While 
we recognize in Professor 
Greene’s typical material the 
differences suggested, we do 
not find them constant. The 
fleshy thickening of the root- 
Ys stocks and their direction, as 
well as the thickness and elon- 
) gation of the roots, seem to 
> eS vary with the nature of the sub- 
b stratum, as might be expected. 
Nevertheless, we find that the 
differences thus suggested to 
Professor Greene have served 
to call attention to what seem 
Fic. °4.—Cicuta maculata: a, b, x8. to us better characters upon 
which to base his species. 
Aside from the curious bulbiferous habit of C. bulbifera, the other species seem to 
be best grouped primarily by their oblong or orbicular fruits, further separation being 
made upon differences in the fruit ribs and in the foliage. 
We have included, chiefly under C. occidentalis, several forms which we do not feel 
justified in separating, but which better and more abundant material may prove to 
be worthy of independent rank. 
Axils of leaves bearing no bulblets. 
Fruit orbicular. 
Leaves simply pinnate.........-2..-222.-.2--2002222222------ 1. C. californica. 
Leaves twice to thrice pinnate. 
Ribs very broad; oil-tubes very narrow. 
Leaflets thickish, lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, closely and sharply toothed 
or even cleft, strongly reticulate beneath .......--.------ 2. C. douglasir. 
Leaflets thinner, linear-lanceolate to lanceolate, not so closely or sharply 
serrate, not strongly reticulate beneath..............-..--- 3. CL vagans, 
