COULTER AND ROSE—NORTH AMERICAN UMBELLIFERAE. 129 
usually acuminate, 1 to 2 feet long. Fruit and inflorescence about the same as in S. 
capitelatum Benth. & Hook. 
‘* The present species, S. capitellatum, and S. eryngtifolium Greene, are three closely 
allied and perhaps confluent forms. Their inflorescence and fruit are almost iden- 
tical, but they differ greatly in foliage and in general appearance. SS. capitellatum is 
often nearly or quite glabrous, with rather slender few-leaved stems and long pe- 
duncled umbels; the leaves long-petioled, pinnately or bipinnately divided; the ulti- 
mite leaflets narrowly oblong to lanceolate. It is in our region mostly confined to the 
east. side of the main Sierra. S. eryngiifoliom has a more condensed growth, with 
leafy stems and shorter peduncled heads; the leaves bipinnately dissected into oblong 
or lanceolate very acute or mucronate ultimate segments only one-fourth to one-half 
inch long. It grows for the most part in the high mountains at 8,000 to 11,000 feet. 
S. validum differs in the particulars named above, and belongs to the western slope 
of the mountains, descending with the streams to the foothills. It is particularly 
abundant near Wawona.”’ 
42. LIGUSTICUM L. Sp. Pl. 1: 250. 1753. 
Calyx teeth small or obsolete. Fruit oblong or ovate, flattened lat- 
erally if at all, glabrous. Carpel with all the ribs prominent and 
equal (intervals broad), acute or 
sometimes slightly winged, a group 
of strengthening cells beneath each 
rib. Sty lopodium conical. Oil 
tubes 2 to 6 (mostly 3 to 5) in the 
intervals, 6 to 10 on the commis- 
sural side. Seed with round ¢ 
angled back; face from plane t to 
deeply concave, with or without a 
central longitudinal ridge. 
Smooth perennials from large 
aromatic roots, with usually large 
ternately or ternate-pinnately com- 
pound leaves (simply pinnate in 
two species), mostly no involucre, usually involucels of narrow bract- 
lets, and white or pinkish flowers in large many-rayed umbels. 
First species cited is Légustiewm leristioum La, which is the type of 
the genus Lenistieum. The second species cited is Ligusticum scoth- 
zcum, the only. Linnean species remaining in the genus. 
A: genus of about 50 species, widely distributed throughout the 
Northern Hemisphere, but also in Chile and New Zealand; 21 species 
are described as belonging to the United States and Canada, but this 
number will probably be increased. 
Fic. 43.—Ligusticum canadense: a, b, * 8. 
Leaves with at least the primary divisions ternate. 
Leaves ternately decompound, with broad leaflets simply toothed or serrate; east- 
ern species (or high northern). 
Stem branched above; leaves large, 3 to 4-ternate........----- 1. LL. canadense. 
Stem simple; leaves biternate ..............-.--------------- 2. L. scothicum. 
Leaves ternate-pinnately compound; western species. 
Leaflets large and broad, serrate or toothed.........-------- 3. DL. verticillatum, 
