130 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 
Leaflets small, laciniately toothed or pinnatifid. 
Stems more or less leafy. 
Fruit merely ribbed, not at all winged. 
Glabrous throughout; fruit narrowly oblong ........- 4. L. californicum. 
Inflorescence puberulent; fruit broadly oblong. 
Leaflets coarsely toothed or lobed ...............-.-- 5. LL. apiodorum. 
Leaflets deeply cleft into linear lobes..............-- 6. L. apiifolium. 
Fruit more or less winged. 
Leaflets more or less confluent......................--.--- 7. L. canbyi. 
Leaflets more or less distinct. 
Fruit 4 to 5 mm. long. 
Involucels none..........-..-.--------- ee eeee eee eeee 8. L. leibergi. 
Involucels present................-.--------------- 9. L. simulans. 
Fruit 6 to 7 mm. long. 
Ultimate leaf divisions narrowly linear_.......----- 10. L. filicinum. 
Ultimate leaf divisions not narrowly linear. 
Pedicels 6 to 8 mm. long; inflorescence puberulent or 
glabrous ....2.2...2...2.-0 eee eee eee eee eee eee . L, porteri. 
Pedicels slender, 8 to 15 mm. ‘ong; glabrous through. 
Out. 2. ee ee eee eee eee eee 12. LL. goldmani. 
Stems naked or nearly so, giving an acaulescent appearance. 
Leaves with ultimate divisions narrowly linear to filiform. 13. L. tenuifolium. 
Leaves with ultimate divisions broader. 
Flowers purple or purplish......-.-.....-..--.------ 14. L. purpureum. 
Flowers white. 
“Leaflets small and crowded. 
Rays 1 to 2m. long........-.-.-..-.----.--- seeeeeee 15. L. grayi. 
Rays 2.5 to5 em. long -.-.-.........---.--------- 16. DL. oreganum. 
Leaflets larger and distant. 
Rays 5 em. long or more _.......-.-..-.------------ 17. L. cusiekii. 
Rays 2.6 to 3.5 em. long -.......2.....-..---..----- 18. L. pringlei. 
Low acaulescent plants with simply pinnate leaves. 
Involucre conspicuous; Alaskan......2.....22..........-.-.--- 19, 1. macounitt. 
Involucre wanting or of 1 or 2 bracts; mountains of southwest 
Colorado ......-----2-2..22 22-222 e eee eee eee 20. L. eastwoodae. 
1. Ligusticum canadense (L..) Britton, Mem. Torr. Club 5: 240. 1894. 
Fic. 43. 
Ferula canadensis L, Sp. Pl. 1: 247. 1753. 
Ligusticum actaeifolium of authors, not of Michx. 
Stem stout, branched above, 6 to 18 dm. high, leafy, with somewhat 
puberulent inflorescence; leaves large, 3 to 4-ternate; leaflets 5 to 13 
em. long, variable in size and toothing, usually large and ovate or 
oblong (often broadly so), and coarsely serrate, sometimes small and 
lanceolate and sparsely toothed or even entire; umbel 10 to 20-rayed, 
with involucels of few short bractlets; rays (fruiting) 2.5 to 5 em. long; 
pedicels 2 to 4 mm. long; fruit ovate, 4 to 6 mm. long, with promi- 
nent somewhat winged ribs; oil tubes 3 or 4 in the intervals, 6 on the 
commissural side. 
Type locality, ‘* Virginia;” collected by Clayton. 
From southern Pennsylvania to Georgia, and west to Missouri. 
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