PINE FAMILY. 309 
The Yokia name for the tree is ad-/a’. These people drink an 
infusion of the bark for consumption, and have a novel way of using 
the small twigs and leaves for the cure of rheamatism and for bodily 
bruises. A fire is built over some rocks and allowed to burn down. 
The pine twigs are then thrown upon the warm ashes and the patient, 
wrapped well in blankets, lies down upon them. Water is occasionally 
sprinkled on the rocks beneath, so that steam together with the vola- 
tile oil from the leaves is constantly given off. After inhaling this 
and sweating most profusely for eight or ten hours, the patient is said 
to be invariably able to move without pain. 
The Wailaki name for the tree is del’-shit, and the Concow ta-neé’, 
the e being prolonged. 
Pseudotsuga mucronata (Raf.) Sudworth. 
Na (Yuki).—The Douglas spruce or ‘‘fir,” as it is almost univer- 
sally called in this region, Lumbermen also know it as ‘* Oregon 
pine.” It is the commonest and, next to redwood, the most valuable 
lumber tree of the county. At Round Valley it constitutes the chief 
source of the timber made at the Government sawmill for the con- 
struction of the Indian huts and for the public buildings. Nearly all 
of the zigzag rail fences which extend away so picturesquely in every 
direction throughout the valley were made from timber split from 
these trees. The larger branches are used to a considerable extent for 
the manufacture of a superior quality of charcoal, and the smaller 
ones are, on account of their resinous character, sometimes used as 
torches in fishing. The smaller roots, about the size of a pencil, are, 
according to Dr. J. W. Hudson, nearly uniform in diameter for 8 or 
10 feet, and are used in the manufacture of some very fine Indian 
baskets. 
The leaves, called nia ful by the Yukis, have a very pleasant bal- 
samic odor, and on this account they are highly esteemed by nearly 
all of the Indians, and many whites, as a substitute for coffee. They 
are generally used while still fresh and are consequently of especial 
service to camping parties. A refined half-breed woman assured me: 
that the beverage was ‘* right nice.” 
The leaves are used medicinally in the sweat bath cure for rheuma- 
tism, being considered by a Little Lake medicine woman as even 
superior to wormwood (Artemisia) for that purpose, The spring buds 
are used in the form of a strong decoction for some venereal diseases. 
Ké-la’ sha and néi-ké' ave two Yokia names given for the tree. 
Sequoia sempervirens (Lamb.) Hndl. 
Gé-sil’ (Yokia). The giant coast redwood. This tree grows ina 
continuous belt nearer the coast, but occurs sparingly in sheltered 
foggy valleys and canyons within a few miles of the town of Ukiah. 
