OAKS. 343 
leaves, gives the tree a very characteristic appearance. The thick 
acorns are a little over an inch in length. They are very largely used 
for soup and bread. 
The Little Lake name for the acorn is /dé-hda'-td,; the Yokia, kd-hiil’. 
Quercus dumosa revoluta Sargent. 
Bat'-som (Pomo).-—The curl-leaf scrub oak, an evergreen shrub 3 to 
8 feet high, with small, rigid, convex light-green leaves, and small, 
oval acorns less than an inch in length. It forms dense, impenetrable 
jungles on dry hills south of Round Valley, and on San Hedrin Moun- 
tain. On account of the abundance of the shrub on this mountain the 
Pomos have called it bé¢’-som da'-no, the latter word being the name for 
mountain, The acorns are small and extremely bitter, and are there- 
foye used very little for human food. 
Quercus garryana Dougl. 
Ma-lé’ (Yuki).—The Pacific post oak, or, as it is more commonly 
called in this region, mountain white oak. It resembles the valley 
white oak both in size and appearance of several of its parts, but may 
be readily distinguished therefrom by its larger and more prominently 
veined leaves, its hairy winter buds, and the small lanceolate and 
slightly pubescent scales of the shallow cup as well as by its habitat, 
it being contined principally to the lower hills instead of the level 
valleys. The acorns are used for food in the same manner as other 
acorns are used. 
Quercus lobata Née. 
AG-yai’ (Yuki for the acorn). —The common valley white oak (PI. 
XVII), a stupendous wide-spreading tree often 80 feet in height. 
One tree measured 24 feet 3 inches in circumference, but they are 
occasionally much larger. It grows in broad, fertile valleys through- 
out the district, and as the individuals always grow scattered in grassy 
meadows they give the valley a magnificent park-like appearance. 
The drooping branches tasseled with moss add much to their pictur- 
esque beauty. The long acorns (PI. XVIII, fig. 1) are very character- 
istic of the tree, since they often vary from about 14 up to 24 inches 
in length. They are the largest of all the acorns, and since the enor- 
mous trees generally yield an abundant harvest which is conveniently 
located with respect to the Indian villages they are the chief source of 
the acorn supply. The bread made from them is called pa’-dnsh by the 
Yukis. The bark is used to a very slight extent by the Yukis to 
check diarrhea and to a slight extent also by the Concows to blacken 
strands of the red bud for use in basket making. Rusty iron is added 
to the water extract of the bark to produce a black solution, in which 
the strands are allowed to remain for some time. The Wailaki name 
for the acorn is shvn'-chon, the Little Lake, sepa’, and the Concow, /o-e’. 
