PEAR FAMILY. 355 
Rubus leucodermis Doug]. 
Teé-téim' ka-la’ mam (Yuki).—The wild black raspberry of the region, 
a wide-spreading shrub with greenish-white, excessively thorny 
branches, 3 to 5 feet long, and a delicious black, juicy fruit. The 
fruit, the under side of the leaves, and the young branches are cov- 
ered with a white powder or bloom which gives the plant its spe- 
cific name. The Indian name signifies ** mountain thorn berry” and 
is equally descriptive with the above. This is the most important 
of all the wild berries of this county. The fruits are eaten in the fresh 
state, and when gathered in considerable quantity are dried or canned 
for winter use. Special trips are taken into the coast mountains after 
the berries in July, when they are usually ripe. 
Rubus vitifolius Cham. & Schlecht. 
Gol-le (the g very guttural) (Yuki), —The common blackberry. The 
black, juicy berries are eaten directly from the vines and are occasion- 
ally dried for winter use. The infusion of the root is the most com- 
mon remedy used for checking diarrhea. The Little Lake name for 
the vine is ¢/-¢/-mé'; the suffix yem is added to indicate the root. The 
Concow name for the vine is 1dn-Ad-1i/1'-€. 
PYRACEAE. Pear Family. 
Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt. 
No Indian name was obtained for this shrub. It grows 8 to 10 feet 
high along streams in the hills and is well known as service berry. 
The black, glaucous berry is somewhat juicy and is used in the fresh 
state to some extent for food. The wood was sometimes used for 
arrows. 
Crataegus rivularis Nutt. 
Al-té"-hez'-mil (Yuki).—The common thorn, a bush or small tree, 
10 to 15 feet high, with numerous clusters of small, white, sweet-scented 
flowers. It is sparingly armed with short, woody thorns, and bears 
numerous clusters of diminutive, apple-like fruits, which ripen early 
in the fall. The fruit is so bony that it is used very little for food, 
The wood is used to some extent for fuel, but care is taken to avoid 
the thorns, which are considered to be more or less poisonous. Lém’- 
hi-la’ is the Little Lake name for the tree; Az is added to designate 
the wood from it. 
Heteromeles arbutifolia (Ait. f.) Roemer. 
Mil-ko'-ché (Yuki).—The common toyon or Christmas berry of Cali- 
fornia, an evergreen tree, 10 to 25 feet high, which is characterized by 
rigid, sharply serrate leaves and large clusters of holly-like fruit. 
