HUCKLEBERRY FAMILY. 877 
latter case to stop some kinds of headache. The leaves are also used by 
them and by many white people of the county to check diarrhea. An 
analysis of the dry leaves made by W. H. Rees, of the University of 
California, shows that they contain about 8 per cent of tannin. 
The old Concow women chew the leaves into a thick cud and place 
the mass on sores for the healing effect; the younger people grind the 
leaves up-with water before applying. It is also used for sore backs 
on horses. 
The crooked, beautifully polished limbs are much prized by white 
people for fancy woodwork, and a straight manzanita cane is a valuable 
rarity. The wood makes an exceedingly fine fuel, but it should be used 
with other more slowly burning wood, because the heat evolved is so 
great that the stove is very quickly warped and destroyed. 
Two V-shaped branches about a yard in height are used, especially 
by the Yokias, as a convenient way for carrying a large amount of 
wood on the back. The forks are so selected that one prong on each 
is straight. After the wood is piled upon the forks the ends of the 
straight sticks are grasped with both hands and slung over the back. 
Dr. Hudson states that he has seen a Pomo Indian easily carry 210 
pounds of wood on his back with this contrivance. 
Bees gather large quantities of honey from the flowers from Janu- 
ary to March, and children are fond of sucking or eating the globular 
waxy flowers. 
The Yokian and Little Lake name for the bush is 42-y7’.. Bu-k7’ is 
added to designate the fruit, and cio-pd' for the leaf. /%é-gét' is the 
Numlaki name of the bush. 
Arctostaphylos tomentosa (Pursh) Dougl. 
Ko-ch'-é (Yuki).—The same Yuki and the same Numlaki names 
are used for this species as for the preceding. The Little Lake name is 
ki-yam'-po-é, and the Wailaki is ¢e-7/s"-1@'. This species is not so com- 
mon as the preceding, but is found in considerable abundance on the 
west side of Round Valley. It may be distinguished by its somewhat 
smaller size, the hairiness and lighter grayish-green color of its leaves, 
and its smaller somewhat puberulent fruit. The uses differ in no way, 
except that the berry is a little more highly prized for cider. The 
fruit is smaller, but the edible portion is larger in proportion to the 
seed. , 
VACCINIACEAE. Huckleberry Family. 
Vaccinium ovatum Pursh. 
The Indian name for this shrub was not learned. It is the common 
evergreen huckleberry of the redwood belt in the coast regions, where it 
forms dense jungles 3 to 5 feet high on high and bleak ridges. It is a 
