AMERICAN GRASSES DESCRIBED BY LINNZUS. 115 
may not be type specimens, as he often applied a binomial to a species 
already well known, but his American species may usually be traced 
back to definite type specimens. The specimens from Kalm are 
marked by Linneus with a small “Kk.” These specimens are credited 
to Canada by Linneus, but Kalm traveled as far south as Pennsyl- 
vania and New Jersey. The specimens from Patrick Browne in 
Jamaica are marked “Br.’? The Gronovius specimens were collected 
by Clayton‘and are described in Gronovius’s Flora Virginica. When 
Linneeus quotes Gronovius’s diagnosis, Gronovius’s species is the 
type and is represented by a specimen in the British Museum. Often 
Linneus has a specimen in his own herbarium received from Grono- 
vius which he describes, citing Gronovius as a synonym. In such 
cases the Linnwan specimen is the type. Linneus often cites Sloane's 
plates, but only occasionally quotes his diagnoses. Sloane's speci- 
men is the type only when Linneus quotes Sloane’s diagnosis and 
has no description of his own. In all cases it must be evident that 
Linneus drew up his description wholly or in part from the preserved 
specimen, which then becomes the type. 
Cinna arundinacea L. Sp. Pl. 5. 1753. 
This is the species as described in our manuals. The spikelets are nearly 5 mm. 
long. Linnzeus states in his description that Kalm obtained the seed in Canada, The 
sheet is marked “H U.” 4 
Phalaris oryzoides L. Sp. Pl. 55. 1753. 
There are two sheets, both bearing the name in the handwriting of Linnaeus. One 
of these has a small label pasted on one corner of the sheet, ‘‘Gramen miliaceum Vol. 1, 
pag. 350. n. 1.” This, which is clearly the type, is Homalocenchrus oryzoides (L.) 
Poll. Munro states that this specimen is from Gronovius. The type locality of the 
species, as given by Linneeus, is Virginia. The second sheet, on the other hand, 
marked “Br” and therefore from Jamaica, is HIomalocenchrus herandrus (Sw.) Kuntze. 
Sloane’s plate 71, figure 1, cited later by Linn:eus? is an Eragrostis. 
Panicum dissectum L. Sp. Pl. 57. 1753. 
Upon this sheet Linneus wrote “‘dimidiatum,’’ which is crossed out, and “‘dissec- 
tum; also‘ K.’ The plant is what has been called Paspalum membranaceum Walt. 
Spikes 4, with others hidden in the sheath; spikelets 2 mm. long. 
In determining the type of Panicum dissectum L. several points must be taken into 
consideration. Linnzeus describes the plant as follows, ‘Panicum spiculis alternis; 
rachi lineari membranacea extrorsum imbricato-florifera.”’ This applies to the her- 
barium specimen. The first synonym cited is “ Dactylis spicis alternis numerosis 
patulis, calycibus unifloris. Roy. lugdb. 56.7" The character * spicis numerosis ” 
not apply to the Linnean specimen. The second synonym, Plukenet, “Mant. 94. t. 
350. f. 2” (irom America), can scarcely be the same as the specimen of Linnzeus, for 
the blades of the figure are long and gradually narrowed to a point. The third syno- 
nym is a citation from Sloane, Hist. Jam. 1: 112. pl. 69. f. 2. This is the plant now 
called Paspalum virgatum, as shown by the plate and by the specimen preserved in 
the British Museum. The same plate is cited by Linnzeus under Andropogon fascicu- 
does 
@ An abbreviation for Hortus Upsalensis, indicating that the specimen was culti- 
vated in that botanical garden. 
bSp. Pl. ed. 2. 81. 1762. 
